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HUBS191 > Neuro 2 > Flashcards

Neuro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic definition and two types

A
  • the stuff we are aware of, have control over

Voluntary muscle control: SOMATIC AFFERENT (motor)

Sensory information we are aware of: SOMATIC AFFERENT (sensory)

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2
Q

Autonomic definition and two types

A
  • the stuff we are not aware of, have no control over

Involuntary muscle control: AUTONOMIC EFFERENT (motor). -heart beat

Sensory information that er don’t know about: AUTONOMIC AFFERENT (sensory) - blood pressure

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3
Q

Somatic efferent division

A

Two neurons between brain and effector:

  1. Upper motor neuron
    - cell body in brain
    - axon in spinal cord
  2. Lower motor neuron
    - cell body in spinal cord
    - axon in spinal nerve

Effectors (things the nerves go to and control) = skeletal muscle fibres

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4
Q

Somatic efferent: anatomical organisation

A
  1. Upper motor neuron - cell body in Brian, axon in spinal cord CNS
    - axon is myelinated
  2. Lower motor neuron - cell body in spinal cord (CNS), axon in spinal nerve (PNS)
    - axon in myelinated
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5
Q

Somatic efferent: communication with effector cells

A

AP travels through Lower myelinated motor neuron 2’s cell body in CNS and down the axon in the PNS - PRE-SYNAPTIC CELL

Acetyl Choline is realised (chemical) at the neuro mascular junction triggering the effector POST-SYNAPTIC CELL

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6
Q

somatic efferent division

A
  • voluntary movement
  • two neurons between brain + effector
    1. UPPER motor neuron
    2. LOWER motor neuron
  • axons myelinated
  • neurotransmitter = Acetylcholine
  • effector = skeletal muscle
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7
Q

Autonomic Efferent Nervous System kind of control?

A
  • involuntary control
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8
Q

Two divisions of the autonomic efferent nervous system

A
  • smooth muscle
  • cardiac muscle
  • glands
  • adipose
  • tissue
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9
Q

Three neurons between brian and effector

A

Neuron #1: (less focus in the exam)
- cell body in brain
- axon in PNS

Neuron #2:
- cell body in brain or spinal cord (CNS)
- axon in PNS

Neuron #3:
- cell body in PNS
- Axon in PNS

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10
Q

Autonomic nervous system: synaptic neurotransmitters: NEURON TWO

A
  • Cell body in CNS
  • Axon extends in PNS
  • myelinated
  • synapse in autonomic ganglion
  • pre-ganglion if neuron
  • neurotransmitter = acetylcholine
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11
Q

Autonomic nervous system: synaptic neurotransmitters : NEURON THREE

A
  • cell body in PNS, autonomic ganglion
  • axon extends in PNS, to effector organ
  • unmyelinated
  • synapse on effector organ
  • post ganglionic neuron
  • neurotransmitter = ACh or norepinephrine
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12
Q

Subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system: SYMPATHETIC

A
  • prepares the body for acute/stress responses
  • ‘fight of slight’ system
  • norepinephrine

Effects include:
- increased heart rate
- constricting blood vessels to skin and viscera (increasing blood flow to muscles)
- decrease gastric motility
- decrease salivation
- increase pupil size
- increase sweating

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13
Q

Subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system: PARASYMPATHETIC

A
  • Prepares the body for restful situations:
  • “rest and digest” system

Effects include
- decreased heart rate
- increased gastric motility
- decreased pupil size
- increased salivation

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14
Q

Structural differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

A

Sympathetc:
- short axon - neuron #2 - pre-ganglionic
- sympathetic ganglion - close to CNS
- long axon - neuron #3 - post-ganglionic

Parasympathetic:
- long axon - neuron #2 - pre ganglionic
- prarsmypathtic ganglion - distant from CNS
- short axon - neuron #2 - post ganglionic

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15
Q

Pre ganglionic neuron - exit from CNS and position of ganglia

A
  • cell body in thoracolumbar levels of spinal card (CNS)
  • axon is short
  • terminals and synapse in sympathetic ganglion
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16
Q

Post ganglionic neuron - exit from CNS and position of ganglia

A
  • cell body in sympathetic ganglion
  • axon is long
17
Q

Sympathetic chain ganglia

A
  • on either dive of the vertebral column
  • 21- 23 pairs
  • place where preganglionic (neuron #2) synapse
    • onto postganglionic (neuron #3) input zone
18
Q

Structure of sympathetic chain ganglia

A
  1. Post ganlionic cell bodies in ganglion
  2. Long axons entend into body
  3. Unmyelinated

Sympathetic ganglion close to CNS

19
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system: exit from CNS and position of ganglia:

A

Preganglionic neuron:
- cell bodies in cranial (brain stem) and sacral (spinal cord) levels
- axon is long
- axon terminals synapse in parasympathetic ganglia (in or near the effector)

Postganglionic neuron:
- cell body in parasympathetic ganglia in or near effector organs
- axon is short

HUBS191 (36 decks)

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