Bone Growth, Joints, Tissues And Structues Flashcards
Primary and secondary centres of endochondral ossification and how they are separated
Primary: Diaphyses
Secondary: Epiphyses
Separated by epiphyscal plate
How do bones grow in length
Through growth plates
How do bones grow in width
- Appositional growth
- OB activity produces circusfruntial lamellae
- OC mould bone shape from medullary cavity
What is a joint?
Holds bones together
Is where bones meet + articulate
Involves bone shapes + soft tissue
Allows free movement / control of movement
General cartilage composition
- collagen fibres found in ground substance, chondrocytes in lucuna
- blood vessels don’t penetrate cartilage
- nutrients diffused through matrix by joint loading
Make up of hyaline cartilage:
Collagen barely visible
High H20 concentration - ground substance that allows the cartilage to resist compression as it absorbs the shock
FUNCTION = RESIST COMPRESSION
Smooth frictionless surface
Function of hyaline cartilage in joints
Moulds to surfaces of bones where they articulate
Frictionless smooth movement
Degrades with age
Resists compression
Fibrocartilage structure
- collagen fibres form bundles throughout matrix
- orientation of fibres aligns with stresses
Function of fibrocartilage in joints
- Generally at articulations that experience both compression and tension
- Deepening of articular surfaces - lateral and medial miniscus — distributes force over a wider area
- Acts as a buffer/ shock absorber - able to resist tension through the alignment of fibres in different movements
RESIST COMPRESSION AND TENSION
Words used for cartilage … cytes … blasts …. Clasts
CHONDROCYTES
Ligaments and Tendons Similarities
Similar structure but diff function
Both made up of dense fibrous connective tissue DFCT
- collagen - densely packed
- doesn’t have ground substance really
- not much blood supply
Word used with ligaments and tendons …Blast ….Clast
FIBROBLASTS
LIGAMENTS structure
- connects bone to bone
- elastin + collagen means they can stretch and recoil
TENDONS structure
- connect muscle to bone
- less elastin mainly collagen
Bony congruence
Bony congruence = sum of the bone surfaces that form an articulation
Less congruence = more soft tissue support needed
Tissues vs structures
Tissues: cells grouped together in a highly organised manner according to specific structure and function
Structures: something formed of a tissue
FIBROUS JOINTS structure and function
DFCT
Structure = joints held together by DFCT - ligament like structures
Don’t move at all
- two seperate structures to allow growth but don’t allow relative movement
CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS function and structure
- some movement
- tissue = fibrocartilage
- various structures with special functions
Ligament function
- lateral ligaments will restrict movements medically
- RESTRICT MOVEMENT AWAY FROM THEMSELVES
Tendons function
(- collagen fibres and their alignment means contraction of muscles is transferred quickly to bones through tendons )
FACILITATES AND CONTROLS MOVEMENT
Encochondral ossification
Process of turning cartilage into bone
Process of turning cartilage into bone
Endochondral ossification
OC allows…
Bone not to be too heavy???
When do epiphiseal plates like go away. When to diaphyses and epiphyses merge ?
When you’re done growing
Fibrous joints - mobility vs stablity
Limit movement
Provide stability
Which has a higher elastin content - ligaments or tendons
Ligaments - as it allows then to stretch Aswell as recoil with the help of collagen too
