Synethetic fucking routes Flashcards by Lazar Lucic

Q

What is needed to get a dihaloalkane from an alkene

A

X2 (a halogen molecule)

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Q

What is needed to get an alkane from an alekene

A

H2, nickel catalyst, 150 celsius

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Q

What is needed to get a haloalkane from an alkene

A

HX. 20 celsius

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Q

What is needed to get an alcohol from an alkene

A

steam, H3PO4 catalyst, 300 degrees, 60-70 atm

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Q

What is needed to get an alkene from an alcohol

A

conc H3PO4 or H2SO4, heat

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Q

What is needed to get a haloalkane from an alkane

A

X2, uv light

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Q

What is needed to get an alcohol from a haloalkane

A

warm NaOH or KOH, H2O and reflux

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Q

What is needed to get a haloalkane from an alcohol

A

NaX, H2SO4, 20 degrees

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Q

What is needed to get a ketone from an alcohol

A

secondary alcohol, H2SO4, K2Cr2O7 in reflux apparatus, HEAT

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Q

What is needed to get an aldehyde from an alcohol

A

primary alcohol, H2SO4, K2Cr2O7 in distillation apparatus, HEAT

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Q

What is needed to get an carboxylic acid from an aldehyde

A

H2SO4, K2Cr2O7 in reflux apparatus, HEAT

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Q

What is needed to get an ester from an alcohol

A

carboxylic acid with an acid catalyst, heat. OR acyl chloride. OR acid anhydride

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Q

What is needed to get an alcohol from an ester

A

dilute acid or alkali reflux

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Q

What is needed to get an alcohol from an aldehyde or ketone

A

NaBH4 then water, aldehyde gives primary alcohols, ketone gives secondary ketones

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Q

What is needed to get a hydroxynitrile from a ketone or aldehyde

A

HCN (hydroen cyanide)

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Q

What is needed to get an amine from a hydroxynitrile

A

LiAlH4 then dilute acid. OR Na and ethanol, reflux. OR H2, Ni/Pt catalyst, high temperature and pressure

Q

What is needed to get an amine from a haloalkane

A

XS ethanolic ammonia or or amines

Q

What is needed to get an amine from a nitrile

A

LiAlH4 then dilute acid. OR Na and ethanol, reflux. OR H2, Ni/Pt catalyst, high temperature and pressure

Q

What is needed to get a carboxylic acid from a hydroxynitrile

A

dilute HCl reflux

Q

What is needed to get a nitrile from a haloalkane

A

NaCN or KCN, ethanol reflux

Q

What is needed to get a carboxylic acid from a nitrile

A

dilute HCl reflux

Q

What is needed to get a carboxylic acid from an Acyl Chloride

A

cold H2O

Q

What is needed to get an Acyl Chloride from a carboxylic acid

A

SOCl2

Q

What is needed to get an amide from an Acyl Chloride

A

NH3 20 degrees, or amine 20 degrees

Q

What is needed to get an ester from an Acyl Chloride

A

alcohol 20 degrees

Q

What is needed to get a carboxylic acid from an ester

A

dilute acid or alkali reflux

Q

What is needed to get an ester from a carboxylic acid

A

alcohol acid catalyst and heat

Q

What is needed to get phenyl amine from nitrobenzene

A

tin, conc HCl, reflux then NaOH