c11-Org

Question 1

why is carbon special

Answer 1

-forms 4 bonds
-can be single double or triple
-can bond ot other carbons to make long chains

Question 2

what is a saturated compound

Answer 2

a saturated compund has single bonds only

Question 3

what is an unsaturated compund

Answer 3

an unsaturated compund contains carbon to carbon multiple bonds

Question 4

what is a homologous series

Answer 4

a family of compunds with similar chemical properties whos successive members differ by the addition of a -CH2- group

Question 5

what are aliphatic compunds

Answer 5

carbon atoms joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains

Question 6

what are alicyclic hydrocarbons

Answer 6

carbon atoms that are joined to each other in ring structures without branches

Question 7

tell me about the aldehyde

Answer 7

-CHO (func group)
-al (suffix)

Question 8

tell me about carboxylic acids

Answer 8

-COOH- (func group)

Question 9

tell me about esters

Answer 9

-COOC- (func)

Question 10

acyl chloride

Answer 10

-COCl (func)
-oyl chloride (suffix)

Question 11

amine

Answer 11

-NH2 (func)
-amino (prefix)
-amine (suffix)

Question 12

nitrile

Answer 12

-CN (func)
-nitrile (suffix)

Question 13

what are structural isomers

Answer 13

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 14

what are positional isomers

Answer 14

in compounds containing a functional group, the functional group can be at different positions along the carbon chain

Question 15

Tell me about functional isomers

Answer 15

-molecules containing different functional groups but have the same formula

eg: Aldehydes and ketones with the same number of carbon atoms have the same molecular formulae

Question 16

what is homolytic fission

Answer 16

when a covalent bond breaks by homolytic fission, each of the bondoed atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond. -each atom now has a single unpaired electron

Question 17

what is a free radical

Answer 17

an atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron

Question 18

what is heterolyitc fission

Answer 18

when the covalent bond breaks, one of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond
-the atoms that takes both of the electrons becomes a negative ion

-the atoms that does not take the electrons becomes a cation

Question 19

what are addition reactions

Answer 19

where two reactants join together to form one product

100% atom economy

Question 20

substitution

Answer 20

an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms