c11-Org Flashcards
why is carbon special
-forms 4 bonds
-can be single double or triple
-can bond ot other carbons to make long chains
what is a saturated compound
a saturated compund has single bonds only
what is an unsaturated compund
an unsaturated compund contains carbon to carbon multiple bonds
what is a homologous series
a family of compunds with similar chemical properties whos successive members differ by the addition of a -CH2- group
what are aliphatic compunds
carbon atoms joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains
what are alicyclic hydrocarbons
carbon atoms that are joined to each other in ring structures without branches
tell me about the aldehyde
-CHO (func group)
-al (suffix)
tell me about carboxylic acids
-COOH- (func group)
tell me about esters
-COOC- (func)
acyl chloride
-COCl (func)
-oyl chloride (suffix)
amine
-NH2 (func)
-amino (prefix)
-amine (suffix)
nitrile
-CN (func)
-nitrile (suffix)
what are structural isomers
compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
what are positional isomers
in compounds containing a functional group, the functional group can be at different positions along the carbon chain
Tell me about functional isomers
-molecules containing different functional groups but have the same formula
eg: Aldehydes and ketones with the same number of carbon atoms have the same molecular formulae
what is homolytic fission
when a covalent bond breaks by homolytic fission, each of the bondoed atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond. -each atom now has a single unpaired electron
what is a free radical
an atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron
what is heterolyitc fission
when the covalent bond breaks, one of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond
-the atoms that takes both of the electrons becomes a negative ion
-the atoms that does not take the electrons becomes a cation
what are addition reactions
where two reactants join together to form one product
100% atom economy
substitution
an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms
