Sync Exam 1 Flashcards
Is sarcopenia a normal age related change?
Yes
What is cachexia usually due to?
Chronic illness (loss of muscle and fat)
What is there a loss of in sarcopenia?
Muscles mass and increase in fat
Does cachexia respond well to resistance exercise?
No
What is an abnormal process of the MSK system in the aging adult?
Muscle mass reduced to 10% of total body weight
What are the uncontrollable risk factors of osteoporosis?
Age
Genetics
Gender (female)
Menopause
Ethnicity
What are the modifiable risk factors of osteoporosis?
Weight
Physical activity
Diet
Alcohol and smoking
What causes increase in residual volume in aging adults?
Air trapping
How is lung capacity of the aging adult affected?
Structural changes in thoracic cage and spine
Air trapping
What are some normal aging things that happen in the cardiopulmonary system?
Reduction in diffusion capacity
Decline in control of breathing
Decreased lung compliance
What are normal age related changes in the cardiovascular system?
Increased incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias, slight decrease in max HR, decrease response to blood loss
What is the clinical consequence to sloughing/loss of myelin?
Slowed nerve conduction
What is the clinical consequence to axonal loss?
Fewer muscle fibers and reduced fine sensation
What is the clinical consequence to autonomic nervous system dysfunction?
Slower systemic function (GI, CV, sensory input)
What is the clinical consequence to loss of sensory neurons?
Reduced ability to discern hot/cold and pain
What is the clinical consequence to slowed response time?
Increased risk of falls
What is an implication of normal aging in the peripheral nervous system?
More work required to do a task due to an increase in motor unit recruitment for function
What age related change contributes to increased frequency of UTIs?
Decreased urethral closure pressure
What is a pathological gait pattern for an older adult?
Decrease in ability to voluntarily increase velocity
What are the gait speeds that help predict what type of ambulator?
0-0.4 m/s (household walker)
0.4-0.8 m/s (limited community)
0.8-1.2 m/s (community)
1.2-1.4 m/s (cross street)
What is the most appropriate exercise for a 72 y/o post menopausal woman?
Walking and trunk extension
What is a fall considered?
A symptom (not diagnosis)
What are factors that cause a fall?
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Modifiable
Non modifiable
Who is at an increased risk for falls?
Whites
Females
What type of risk factor is history of falls?
Non modifiable
What is the number 1 predictor of falls?
Balance confidence
What are the 1,2 and 3 for predictors of falls?
- Balance confidence
- Fear of falling avoidance behavior
- TUG performance
What indicates high risk for falls in the ABC balance?
< 67%
What indicates a fear of falling on the functional efficacy scale?
Score > 70
What are the steps to treating fear of balance?
Assess
Understand and knowledge
Intervene
How do you intervene with someone who has a fear of falling?
Graded exposure
Strengthening
Balance
Why are falls under reported?
They think it is a normal part of aging
What is the STEADI program?
30 second chair stand test
4 stage balance test
TUG
Orthostatic hypotension
What automatically puts someone at a high risk for falls regardless of the STEADI results?
Previously have had 2 falls
What is a high fall risk score on the TUG?
> 12 seconds
What is a high fall risk for the 30 second chair stand test?
<13 reps
What is a high fall risk in the 4 stage balance test?
Inability to complete 10 seconds in any stage
What are the six high priority interventions for balance and fall prevention?
Static activities
Dynamic activities
Dynamic gait training
Dual task training
Strength training
Walking
What is the frequency that balance and fall prevention interventions should be performed?
1-3x a week for a minimum of 12 weeks and up to a year
What is the frequency for strength training in the older adult?
2-3x a week
What is the frequency of aerobic training in the older adult?
3-5 days a week
What is the intensity of strength training in the older adult?
40-60% 1RM
What is the intensity of aerobic training in the older adult?
Moderate-vigorous (5-8/10)
How should you train balance in the older adult?
Activities that are challenging
How should flexibility be addressed in the older adult?
All major muscle groups and held for 10-30 seconds
