Sync Exam 1

Question 1

Is sarcopenia a normal age related change?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

What is cachexia usually due to?

Answer 2

Chronic illness (loss of muscle and fat)

Question 3

What is there a loss of in sarcopenia?

Answer 3

Muscles mass and increase in fat

Question 4

Does cachexia respond well to resistance exercise?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

What is an abnormal process of the MSK system in the aging adult?

Answer 5

Muscle mass reduced to 10% of total body weight

Question 6

What are the uncontrollable risk factors of osteoporosis?

Answer 6

Age

Genetics

Gender (female)

Menopause

Ethnicity

Question 7

What are the modifiable risk factors of osteoporosis?

Answer 7

Weight

Physical activity

Diet

Alcohol and smoking

Question 8

What causes increase in residual volume in aging adults?

Answer 8

Air trapping

Question 9

How is lung capacity of the aging adult affected?

Answer 9

Structural changes in thoracic cage and spine

Air trapping

Question 10

What are some normal aging things that happen in the cardiopulmonary system?

Answer 10

Reduction in diffusion capacity

Decline in control of breathing

Decreased lung compliance

Question 11

What are normal age related changes in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 11

Increased incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias, slight decrease in max HR, decrease response to blood loss

Question 12

What is the clinical consequence to sloughing/loss of myelin?

Answer 12

Slowed nerve conduction

Question 13

What is the clinical consequence to axonal loss?

Answer 13

Fewer muscle fibers and reduced fine sensation

Question 14

What is the clinical consequence to autonomic nervous system dysfunction?

Answer 14

Slower systemic function (GI, CV, sensory input)

Question 15

What is the clinical consequence to loss of sensory neurons?

Answer 15

Reduced ability to discern hot/cold and pain

Question 16

What is the clinical consequence to slowed response time?

Answer 16

Increased risk of falls

Question 17

What is an implication of normal aging in the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 17

More work required to do a task due to an increase in motor unit recruitment for function

Question 18

What age related change contributes to increased frequency of UTIs?

Answer 18

Decreased urethral closure pressure

Question 19

What is a pathological gait pattern for an older adult?

Answer 19

Decrease in ability to voluntarily increase velocity

Question 20

What are the gait speeds that help predict what type of ambulator?

Answer 20

0-0.4 m/s (household walker)

0.4-0.8 m/s (limited community)

0.8-1.2 m/s (community)

1.2-1.4 m/s (cross street)

Question 21

What is the most appropriate exercise for a 72 y/o post menopausal woman?

Answer 21

Walking and trunk extension

Question 22

What is a fall considered?

Answer 22

A symptom (not diagnosis)

Question 23

What are factors that cause a fall?

Answer 23

Intrinsic

Extrinsic

Modifiable

Non modifiable

Question 24

Who is at an increased risk for falls?

Answer 24

Whites

Females

Question 25

What type of risk factor is history of falls?

Answer 25

Non modifiable

Question 26

What is the number 1 predictor of falls?

Answer 26

Balance confidence

Question 27

What are the 1,2 and 3 for predictors of falls?

Answer 27

1. Balance confidence 2. Fear of falling avoidance behavior 3. TUG performance

Question 28

What indicates high risk for falls in the ABC balance?

Answer 28

< 67%

Question 29

What indicates a fear of falling on the functional efficacy scale?

Answer 29

Score > 70

Question 30

What are the steps to treating fear of balance?

Answer 30

Assess Understand and knowledge Intervene

Question 31

How do you intervene with someone who has a fear of falling?

Answer 31

Graded exposure Strengthening Balance

Question 32

Why are falls under reported?

Answer 32

They think it is a normal part of aging

Question 33

What is the STEADI program?

Answer 33

30 second chair stand test 4 stage balance test TUG Orthostatic hypotension

Question 34

What automatically puts someone at a high risk for falls regardless of the STEADI results?

Answer 34

Previously have had 2 falls

Question 35

What is a high fall risk score on the TUG?

Answer 35

> 12 seconds

Question 36

What is a high fall risk for the 30 second chair stand test?

Answer 36

<13 reps

Question 37

What is a high fall risk in the 4 stage balance test?

Answer 37

Inability to complete 10 seconds in any stage

Question 38

What are the six high priority interventions for balance and fall prevention?

Answer 38

Static activities Dynamic activities Dynamic gait training Dual task training Strength training Walking

Question 39

What is the frequency that balance and fall prevention interventions should be performed?

Answer 39

1-3x a week for a minimum of 12 weeks and up to a year

Question 40

What is the frequency for strength training in the older adult?

Answer 40

2-3x a week

Question 41

What is the frequency of aerobic training in the older adult?

Answer 41

3-5 days a week

Question 42

What is the intensity of strength training in the older adult?

Answer 42

40-60% 1RM

Question 43

What is the intensity of aerobic training in the older adult?

Answer 43

Moderate-vigorous (5-8/10)

Question 44

How should you train balance in the older adult?

Answer 44

Activities that are challenging

Question 45

How should flexibility be addressed in the older adult?

Answer 45

All major muscle groups and held for 10-30 seconds