MSK Changes Flashcards
Where is the most prominent loss of muscle in aging adults?
Lower extremities (25-40%)
What happens to muscle fibers in the aging adult?
Type 2 > type 1
What is the % of muscle to body weight by age 75-80?
25%
What does a decreased resting metabolic rate cause in an aging adult?
Less lean muscle mass
Why is it common for insulin resistance to be increased in the aging adult?
Increased body fat
Regulator of protein metabolism
When do muscle strength chages start?
30
How long does muscle gradually decrease?
Until age 50
When does muscle strength start to be lost at an accelerated rate?
Age 60 (15% decrease)
What % of muscle is lost at age 80?
30%
What percentage of aging adults are performing strength training?
10-15%
When does bone density decrease significantly?
After age 50
What causes osteoporosis?
Increased osteoclastic activity and decreased osteoblastic activity
What happens to tendons with normal aging?
Increased stiffness and decreased ability to absorb energy
What is true about osteoarthritis and aging?
It is related to aging but not interdependent with aging
What are contributors to osteoarthritis?
Obesity, genetics, and injury
What are common changes in the joints with normal aging?
Decreased joint space and ROM
Increased laxity
Altered load dispersion and joint forces
Where to you lose most ROM in the cervical spine as you age?
Extension and lateral flexion
What ROM is most limited in the thoracic and lumbar spine?
Extension
What ROM decreases in the hip in the aging adult?
Extension (decreased walking speed)
What decreases in ROM in the ankle in the older adult?
Dorsiflexion
What decreases in ROM of the shoulder in the aging adult?
Flexion and external rotation
What decreases with ROM in the knee in the aging adult?
Knee does not change
What are the common changes in posture with aging?
Forward head
Increased thoracic kyphosis
Decreased lumbar lordosis
What is hyperkyphosis?
Spinal extensors are lengthened and weak (difficulty lifting)
What are challenges with a forward head posture?
Swallowing, breathing, and supine or prone positions
What is often fractured in older adults due to forward flexion exercises?
Anterior vertebral bodies
Where is osteoarthritis most common?
In load bearing joints (hands, hips, knees, feet)
