Dementia (2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the prevalence of the different dementias?

A

Alzheimer’s (most common)

Vascular (2nd most common)

Frontotemporal (2.7%)

Lewy body (3-7%)

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2
Q

What is the onset of Alzheimer’s?

A

Gradual decline in cognition

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3
Q

What is the onset of vascular?

A

More abrupt onset (within 3 months)

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4
Q

What is the onset of frontotemporal?

A

Younger onset (45-65 y/o) with early personality changes

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5
Q

What is the onset of Lewy body?

A

Progressive cognitive decline

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of Alzheimer’s?

A

Loss of ability to recall and restore new information

Memory loss

Visual spatial impairment

Personality change

Unable to read body language

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of vascular?

A

Memory, judgement, impulse control, personality changes, emotional lability

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of frontotemporal?

A

Behavioral variant

Disinhibition

Loss of empathy

Slow hesitant speech and word finding

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of Lewy body?

A

Visual hallucinations

Fluctuations in alertness

Parkinson’s motor symptoms

Poor execution function

Sleep disturbance

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10
Q

What are additional impairments associated with dementia?

A

Weakness

Decreased cardiovascular

Rigid movements

Decreased postural reflexes

Increased risk of falls

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11
Q

Delirium

A

Reversible disturbance of consciousness and cognition due to metabolic infections

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of delirium?

A

Acute confusion state, rapid onset, and incoherent speech

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13
Q

Dementia

A

Progressive cognitive impairments that results in impaired ADLs

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14
Q

What is the difference between delirium and dementia?

A

Always orient someone with delirium (do not with dementia)

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15
Q

What is the confusion assessment method?

A

Tool to recognize delirium

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16
Q

What is normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

Accumulation of CSF causing ventricles in the brain to become enlarged (little or no increase in ICP)

17
Q

What are symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

Dementia symptoms, walking problems, wide base of support, and loss of bladder control

18
Q

How can you treat normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

Relieving pressure

19
Q

What are the major differences in motor learning between normal and dementia patients?

A

Cannot transfer dementia

You want errorless learning

You want guidance

20
Q

What is stage 1 dementia?

A

No cognitive decline

21
Q

What are the symptoms of stage 1 dementia?

A

No complaints of memory problems

No evidence of cognitive deficits

22
Q

What is stage 2 dementia?

A

Very mild cognitive decline

23
Q

What are the symptoms of stage 2 dementia?

A

Reports of memory problems like misplacing objects or forgetting names

No work or social issues

24
Q

What is stage 3 dementia?

A

Mild cognitive decline

25
What are the symptoms of stage 3 dementia?
Impaired concentration Difficulty with work tasks Some denial and anxiety of deficits
26
What is often checked in stage 3 dementia?
Check B12
27
What is stage 4 dementia?
Moderate cognitive decline
28
What are the symptoms of stage 4 dementia?
Trouble remembering personal history Trouble traveling or handling finances Reduced expression of emotion Withdrawal from situations that are challenging
29
What is a key thing in stage 4 dementia?
They know they are losing memory so they are frustrated (hardest stage)
30
What is stage 5 of dementia?
Moderately severe cognitive decline
31
What are symptoms of stage 5 dementia?
No longer remember memory loss and like to be helpers Cannot orient themselves to reality
32
What is stage 6 dementia?
Severe cognitive decline
33
What is a key symptom of stage 6 dementia?.
No new learning
34
What is stage 7 dementia?
Very severe cognitive decline
35
What are symptoms of stage 7 dementia?
Person stopped talking and eating Sleeping more and more Incontinence Max assist for transfers
36
What is something that is common in dementia?
Fatigue (sleep disorders)
37
What is sundowning?
State of confusion at the end of day and into the night (all day in winter) (symptom not disease)
38
Why are restraints used in dementia patients?
Keep from wandering and falling