Dementia (2) Flashcards
What are the prevalence of the different dementias?
Alzheimer’s (most common)
Vascular (2nd most common)
Frontotemporal (2.7%)
Lewy body (3-7%)
What is the onset of Alzheimer’s?
Gradual decline in cognition
What is the onset of vascular?
More abrupt onset (within 3 months)
What is the onset of frontotemporal?
Younger onset (45-65 y/o) with early personality changes
What is the onset of Lewy body?
Progressive cognitive decline
What are the symptoms of Alzheimer’s?
Loss of ability to recall and restore new information
Memory loss
Visual spatial impairment
Personality change
Unable to read body language
What are the symptoms of vascular?
Memory, judgement, impulse control, personality changes, emotional lability
What are the symptoms of frontotemporal?
Behavioral variant
Disinhibition
Loss of empathy
Slow hesitant speech and word finding
What are the symptoms of Lewy body?
Visual hallucinations
Fluctuations in alertness
Parkinson’s motor symptoms
Poor execution function
Sleep disturbance
What are additional impairments associated with dementia?
Weakness
Decreased cardiovascular
Rigid movements
Decreased postural reflexes
Increased risk of falls
Delirium
Reversible disturbance of consciousness and cognition due to metabolic infections
What are the symptoms of delirium?
Acute confusion state, rapid onset, and incoherent speech
Dementia
Progressive cognitive impairments that results in impaired ADLs
What is the difference between delirium and dementia?
Always orient someone with delirium (do not with dementia)
What is the confusion assessment method?
Tool to recognize delirium
What is normal pressure hydrocephalus?
Accumulation of CSF causing ventricles in the brain to become enlarged (little or no increase in ICP)
What are symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus?
Dementia symptoms, walking problems, wide base of support, and loss of bladder control
How can you treat normal pressure hydrocephalus?
Relieving pressure
What are the major differences in motor learning between normal and dementia patients?
Cannot transfer dementia
You want errorless learning
You want guidance
What is stage 1 dementia?
No cognitive decline
What are the symptoms of stage 1 dementia?
No complaints of memory problems
No evidence of cognitive deficits
What is stage 2 dementia?
Very mild cognitive decline
What are the symptoms of stage 2 dementia?
Reports of memory problems like misplacing objects or forgetting names
No work or social issues
What is stage 3 dementia?
Mild cognitive decline
What are the symptoms of stage 3 dementia?
Impaired concentration
Difficulty with work tasks
Some denial and anxiety of deficits
What is often checked in stage 3 dementia?
Check B12
What is stage 4 dementia?
Moderate cognitive decline
What are the symptoms of stage 4 dementia?
Trouble remembering personal history
Trouble traveling or handling finances
Reduced expression of emotion
Withdrawal from situations that are challenging
What is a key thing in stage 4 dementia?
They know they are losing memory so they are frustrated (hardest stage)
What is stage 5 of dementia?
Moderately severe cognitive decline
What are symptoms of stage 5 dementia?
No longer remember memory loss and like to be helpers
Cannot orient themselves to reality
What is stage 6 dementia?
Severe cognitive decline
What is a key symptom of stage 6 dementia?.
No new learning
What is stage 7 dementia?
Very severe cognitive decline
What are symptoms of stage 7 dementia?
Person stopped talking and eating
Sleeping more and more
Incontinence
Max assist for transfers
What is something that is common in dementia?
Fatigue (sleep disorders)
What is sundowning?
State of confusion at the end of day and into the night (all day in winter) (symptom not disease)
Why are restraints used in dementia patients?
Keep from wandering and falling
