Bowel And Bladder Flashcards
What is urinary incontinence?
Involuntary leakage of urine
What does continence require?
Neural coordination between bladder, urethra, and pelvic floor muscles
What are the types of urinary incontinence?
Stress
Urge
Overflow
Functional
Mixed
What is stress incontinence?
Occurs with effort or exertion, cough, sneeze, lifting, or Valsalva
What is urge incontinence?
Strong desire to pass urine which is difficult to defer without involuntary leakage (can’t get to toilet in time)
What is overflow incontinence?
Bladder overly distended causing bladder pressure to increase greater than urethral pressure
What causes overflow incontinence?
Loss of bladder sphincter after surgery or injury
What is functional incontinence?
Have normal bladder/urethral function but have difficulty getting to toilet in time
What does the DIAPPERS acronym stand for?
Delirium
Infection
Atrophic urethritis
Pharmaceuticals
Psychological disorders
Endocrine disorders
Restriction mobility
Stool impaction
What medical concern could there be if a patient answers yes to “was there a sudden onset of incontinence?”
Infection
What medical concern could there be if a patient answers yes to “did leaking occur after surgery or with medication change?”
Side effect from surgery or medications
What medical concern could there be if a patient answers yes to “is there burning/blood with urine/stool?
Infection
What medical concern could there be if a patient answers yes to “is there difficulty initiating the stream?”
Acute urinary retention
What can taking antihypertensives, neuroleptics, or benzodiazepines cause?
Reduced urethral pressure
What does taking anticholinergics or beta blockers cause?
Impact full bladder emptying
What can reducing fluid intake result in older adults?
Lead to constipation or UTI
How do UTIs usually present in the older adult?
Silently (no fever)
What is an intervention idea for urge incontinence?
Bladder training with gradual increase in time intervals (want to avoid urination for up to 3-4 hours)
What are lifestyle factors to help with incontinence?
Weight loss
Reduction in caffeine
Meds
What can cause bladder problems in males?
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (compression of bladder)
What causes bladder problems in females?
Changes in support structures of urethra and pelvic organs due to childbirth
