Synaptic Transmission

Question 1

What are the 2 kinds of synapses

Answer 1

electrical: gap junctions allow movement of ions from one side to the other side which creates current

Chemical: chemical is the predominant one in cns , it contains vesicles with neurotransmitter substances

Question 2

what also for fusion of vesicle with the plasma membrane

Answer 2

calcium

Question 3

Memorize the functional features of enzymes chart

Answer 3

NEOW

Question 4

Where are all small molecule neurotransmitters synthsized

Answer 4

in the terminals

Question 5

large molecule neurotransmitters are also known as

Answer 5

peptide (remember these are made in the soma)

Question 6

what kind of vesicles are small and peptide neurotransmitters found in

Answer 6

small = small clear core vesicles

Peptide = large dense core vesicles

Question 7

can vesicles contain more than one kind of neurotransmitter

Answer 7

yep

Question 8

what 2 proteins interact during the docking process. what is the function of SNAP-25. List the process for how neurotransmitters are released

Answer 8

synaptotagmin and synaptobrevin. It acts as a zipper to anchor the vesicle down

The action potential arrives which depolarizes, opening up the calcium channel. calcium enters causing release of neurotransmitters

Question 9

what kind of neurotransmitters are released in low frequency and high frequency action potentials

Answer 9

low freq= small molecule

high freq= peptide molecule

Question 10

Describe the experiment that showed recycling of synaptic vesicles

Answer 10

horse radish peroxidase is introduced in the synaptic cleft is used as a marker , so some of it is taken back up .

Question 11

what are the 2 types of receptors in which neurotransmitters attach to

Answer 11

ionotropic receptor = binding site on the receptor that is coupled to an ionic channel. the binding of the neurotransmitter either opens or closes the pore

Metabotropic = these are linked to g coupled proteins . They activate alpha and beta subunits

Question 12

how do nicotinic receptors work

Answer 12

2 acetyl choline bind this allows sodium to rush in. k to rush out

Question 13

how do ampa receptors work

Answer 13

glutamate binds to it to open pore allowing sodium to rush inand k to run out

Question 14

what 2 things must bind to NMDA receptors

Answer 14

glutamate and glycine bind

Question 15

neuronal second messenger

Answer 15

know thse!!!