Dr. Lobo Gross Anatomy of the spinal cord

Question 1

what are the 3 menegies

Answer 1

1. dura mater
2. pia mater
3. arachnoid mater

Question 2

what makes up the dura of the brain . what about the spinal cord

Answer 2

periosteal and menigeal for the brain. (it has 2 layers)

spinal cord only has menegial layer

Question 3

where does the spinal cord end

Answer 3

L1 . But the menegies continue to go down

Question 4

where do we do a lumbar puncture

Answer 4

below L1

Question 5

what do we need to do before getting CSF

Answer 5

Fundoscopy to see if there is increased intracrainal pressure, this would be evident by papal edema.

the brainstem will herniate down if there is increased cranial pressure

Question 6

what is the ideal location for spinal tap

Answer 6

L3,L4 at the location of the illiac crest

Question 7

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

Answer 7

31 pairs

Question 8

where does the spinal cord end in adults ? Where doesitend in infants

Answer 8

L1 and L 2

at L3 in infants

Question 9

what is found below the L1 L2 border

Answer 9

cauda equina

Question 10

the upper limb is innervated by what part of the spinal cord

Answer 10

c4, c5, c6

Question 11

what 3 kinds of horns are found from T1 to L2

Answer 11

1. ventral horn
   2 dorsal horn
2. lateral horn

Question 12

how many spinal nerves and vertebraes

Answer 12

31 pairs of nerves , 33 vertebrae

Question 13

is the vertebral column the same as the spinal cord

Answer 13

no

Question 14

do the spinal segments correspond to the vertebrea

Answer 14

no! because the spinal cord is shorter than the vertebral column

Question 15

what is the rule to estimate the region of the spinal cord affeted

Answer 15

add 1 to cervical spine
add 2 to upper thorracic vertebra
add 3 to lower thorracic vertebra

Question 16

which spinal segment innervates the nipple and the umbilicus

Answer 16

nipple = t4
umbilicus = t10

Question 17

what kind of neurons are present in the ventral root

Answer 17

motor neurons

Question 18

what kind of neurons are present in the dorsal root

Answer 18

sensory

Question 19

can 1 neuron do both motor nd sensory

Answer 19

no , its one or the other

Question 20

can a nerve do both motor and sensory

Answer 20

yes! beause it is where the motor and sensory nerve come together

Question 21

what comes off of a spinal nerve?

Answer 21

t spilits into the ventral rami and dorsal rami

Question 22

the anterior/ ventral root is cut, what will be lost

Answer 22

motor

Question 23

the dorsal/ posterior root is cut, what will be lost

Answer 23

sensation

Question 24

what is a rhyzotomy and why would you do it

Answer 24

it is cutting roots, you could do it if someone was having painful chemo to stop pain or to prevent excessive movements

Question 25

the plexus is always formed by what

Answer 25

by the ventral rami

Question 26

what nerves innervates diaphragm

Answer 26

c3-c5

Question 27

there is a c8-t1 problem what will be affected

Answer 27

interrosei of hand

Question 28

there is a problem with c5 what will be lost

Answer 28

biceps reflex

Question 29

there is a problem with c7 what will be lost

Answer 29

triceps reflex lost

Question 30

l2 -l4 is messed up what will be lost

Answer 30

knee jerk

Question 31

l5 is messed up what will be affected

Answer 31

long extensors of great toe

Question 32

s1 is messed up what will be affected

Answer 32

ankle jerk

Question 33

what sensory segment innervates the nipple

Answer 33

t4

Question 34

memorize the lamina of gray matter from powerpoint!!

Answer 34

you got this