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Block 4 Neuro Exam 1 > Synapses > Flashcards

Synapses Flashcards

1
Q

How does the action potential travel?

A

from the dendrite to the axon

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2
Q

What is a pre synaptic cell?

A

cell that will be transmitting or sending something to other neuron

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3
Q

What is a post synaptic cell?

A

cell that receives something from another neuron

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4
Q

Where does synapse occur?

A

occurs between an axon of the pre-synaptic with the dendrites of the post-synaptic

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5
Q

What are the structures used to transmit the message from one neuron to the other?

A

axon terminals

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6
Q

an average neuron forms and receives how many synpatic connections?

A

1000 synaptic connections

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7
Q

What is synaptic transmission ?

A

is the way communication occurs between neurons in the brain

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8
Q

Where does neuron communication occur?

A

at special structures called synapses

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9
Q

If excitable cell membranes are in a resting state, the cells are ______?

A

polarized

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10
Q

What exactly is reffered to as membrane potential?

A

differences in charges across the membrane or difference in number of cations or anions

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11
Q

At a resting potential, neurons are at ?

A

-60 to -70mV

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12
Q

Depolarization

A

-Making cell more positve/less negative
-Na+ enters the cell

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13
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

Cell is more negative

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14
Q

How does the concentration gradient moves?

A

highly to low concentrated

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15
Q

Do to the concentration, how does K+,Na+,Cl- move?

A

K= is intracellular and moves toward the outside
Na= is extracellular and moves towards the inside
Cl= is extracellular and moves towards the inside

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16
Q

How does the ATPase work?

A

Against concentration gradient(uses energy)
K= travels towards inside of the cell
Na=travels towards the outside of the cell

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17
Q

Membrane permeability is the key to be able to create…..?

A

action potential

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18
Q

During resting state, how are the Na+ and K+ gated channels?

A

closed, they are deactivated

19
Q

Voltage -gated channels only open when?

A

they are triggered by an action potential or there is a voltage difference across the cell membrane

20
Q

What are the 2 types of Na+ gated channels ?

A

gate m= known as the ACTIVATION GATE. is normally CLOSED and opens when the cell starts to get more positive

gate n= known as the INACTIVATION GATE. normally OPEN, shuts down when the cell start to get TOO positive

21
Q

What is the type of K+ gated channels?

A

gate n=is normally CLOSED, but slowly opens when the cell is depolarized (cell is very positive because Na+ enters the cell)

22
Q

What is an action potential?

A

temporary shift of the membrane potential generated by excitable cells(neurons) due to the opening of the voltage gated ion channels

23
Q

What is the function of the axon?

A

propagates the signal to the terminal and transmit to another neuron

24
Q

What is the function of the soma?

A

encode information (head of the neuron)

25
Q

What part of the neuron is the post-ganglionic neuron?

A

dendrites

26
Q

Channels open when a _____________ binds to channel and opens it ?

A

neurotransmitter

27
Q

What triggers an action potential?

A

binding of neurotransmitter(which causes the channel to open and thus depolorization occurs)

28
Q

What are the steps of an action potential?

A

1 triggering event occurs= neurotransmitter binds to channel and causes it to open (causes positive ions to flow into inside of cell)

#2 Depolarization=makes the cell less polar(makes the cells more positive/less negative)
*Na+ voltage-gated channel used= m-gated channels
#3 Repolarization=brings cell back to resting potential
*gate h(inactivation gates) close
*gate n(K+ channels) open
#4 Hyperpolarization=makes cell more negative than its normal resting state
#5 Resting state

29
Q

What is the type of Na+ channel present during the depolarization?

A

m-gated channel (located in the part of the axon closest to cell body) (channel activates due to the depolarization or Na+ ions entering the cell)

30
Q

At what voltage is the membrane potential able to reach a threshold?

A

when it reaches -55mV (which is when an action potential is triggered to fire)

31
Q

When is an action potential triggered to be fired?

A

when cell reaches threshold(-55mV)

32
Q

When Na+ gated channels open during depolarization, Na+ ions enter the negatively charged _______ and depolorize the surrounding __________

A

Axon—–axon

33
Q

What happens during the repolarization step?

A

-K+ channels open
-K+ ions flow more towards the outside of the cell, thus making cell less positive(returning cell into resting state)

34
Q

What happens during the hyperpolarization step?

A

-cell becomes even more negative than the normal resting membrane potential
-K+ channels stay open, thus letting more postive ions leave cell(making cell more negative)
-when K+ channels close, sodium-potasium pump works to reestablish the resting state

35
Q

Why are the refractory periods important?

A

-so brain doesn’t run out of action potentials
-so brain doesn’t get exhausted

36
Q

stronger the stimulus , the __________ action potential

A

stronger the signal/ frecuency of the action potential

37
Q

Stronger the action potential, _________ neuron fires up

A

faster the neuron fires up

38
Q

Refractory periods help with replenishing ______________?

A

neutransmitter so that the message can keep passing along

39
Q

When an action potential is triggered ,what happens?

A

eventually reaches axon terminal so that synapsis occurs

40
Q

What can’t occur during the refractory period?

A

fire up another action potential
-h-gated Na+ channels = lock so no Na+ can enter the cell (no depolarization can occur)(no action potential can be produced)

41
Q

What happens after refractory period?

A

-Na+ channels open causing depolarization and an action potential can be triggered
-cell are still hyperpolarized after sending action potential so it takes more postive ions to enter cell and cause depolarization

42
Q

Refractory period can help determine the __________ of the stimulus

A

intensity of the stimulus
(ej: retina cells send a bigger/faster singal in a bright light than a dimmer light)

43
Q

What are Saltatory conductions?

A

Block 4 Neuro Exam 1 (8 decks)

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