Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Synapses 1 > Flashcards

Synapses 1 Flashcards

1
Q

synaptic transmission

A

the process of information transfer at a synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

electrical synapses

A

synaptic transmission that’s an electrical current flowing from one neuron to the next
common in mammal brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chemical synapses

A

the idea that chemical neurotransmitters transfer information from one neuron to another at the synapse
CNS
majority of synapses in brain = chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

presynaptic v postsynaptic

A

first neuron is pre, target cell is post

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gap junction

A

specialized sites where electrical synapses occur
membranes of cells separated by narrow narrow gap
narrow gap spanned by clusters of connexins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

connexin

A

special proteins that cluster together and span the narrow gap between cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

connexon

A

six connexins combined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

gap junction channel

A

two connexons (one from each cell) combine to form this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

electrically coupled

A

cells connected by gap junctions

because electrical current in the form of ions can pass through channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

postsynaptic potential (PSP)

A

caused by current that flows across gap junction channels
when second neuron generates action potential, will induce PSP in first neuron
several occurring at same time may strongly excite a neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

synaptic cleft

A

separates pre and post synaptic membranes at chemical synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

presynaptic element

A

presynaptic side of the synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

synaptic vesicles

A

dozens of small membrane enclosed spheres
in axon terminal
store neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

secretory granules

A

larger vesicles
contain soluble protein that appears dark in the electron microscope
sometimes called large dense-core vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

membrane differentiation

A

dense accumulations of protein adjacent to and within the membranes on either side of the synaptic cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

presynaptic membrane differentiation

A

proteins jutting into the cytoplasm of the terminal along the intracellular face of the membrane (tiny pyramids)

17
Q

active zones

A

pyramids and membrane associated with them
actual sites of neurotransmitter release
synaptic vesicles clustered in cytoplasm adjacent to active zones

18
Q

postsynaptic density

A

protein thickly accumulated in and just under postsynaptic membrane
contains neurotransmitter receptors which convert intercellular chemical signal (neurotransmitter) into intracellular signal (change in membrane potential or chemical change) in postsynaptic cell

19
Q

axodendritic

A

if postsynaptic membrane is on a dendrite, synapse is axodendritic

20
Q

axosomatic

A

if postsynaptic membrane is on cell body, synapse is axosomatic

21
Q

axoaxonic

A

if postsynaptic membrane is on another axon, synapse is axoaxonic

22
Q

dendrodendritic

A

when dendrites form synapses with one another

23
Q

gray’s type I vs gray’s type II

A

type I: membrane differentiation is thicker on postsynaptic side, asymmetrical
type II: membrane differentiations are of similar thickness, symmetrical

24
Q

neuromuscular junction

A

chemical synapses that occur between the axons of motor neurons of the spinal cord and skeletal muscle
has many structural features of chemical synapses in CNS

25
Q

motor end-plate

A

postsynaptic membrane

contains series of shallow folds

26
Q

three kinds of chemical categories of neurotransmitters

A

amino acids, amines, peptides

27
Q

major amino acids

A

GABA
glutamate
glycine

28
Q

major amines

A 
ACh
dopamine
epinephrine
histamine
norepinephrine
serotonin
29
Q

major peptides

A 
CCK
dynorphin
Enk
NAAG
neuropeptide Y
somatostatin
substance P
VIP
30
Q

amino acids

A

small organic molecules containing at least one nitrogen atom
stored in and released from synaptic vesicles

31
Q

amines

A

small organic molecules containing at least one nitrogen atom
stored in and released from synaptic vesicles

32
Q

peptides

A

large molecules stored in and released from secretory granules
often exist in same axon terminals that contain amine or amino acid neurotransmitters

33
Q

glutamate, gamma aminobutyric acid, glycine

A

mediate fast synaptic transmission at most CNS synapses

34
Q

acetylcholine (ACh)

A

mediates fast synaptic transmission at all neuromuscular junctions

35
Q

transporters

A

special proteins embedded in the vesicle membrane

concentrate neurotransmitters inside the vesicle

Neuro (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions