synapse and networks Flashcards
What is the input zone
where neurons collec adn integrate information, either from the environment or from other cells
what is the integration zone
where the decision to produce a neural signal is made
what is the conduction zone
where informaiton can be transmitted over great distances
what is the output zone
where the neuron transfers inforamiton to other cells
Where are leak channels and ion pumps
entire neural membrane
where are voltage-gated channels
axonal hillock (integration zone) and the axon (conduction zone)
where are voltage-gated Ca2+ channels?
axon terminals (output zone)
where are ligand-gated channels?
dendrites adn soma (input zone)
Where are voltage-gated ion channels common?
bacteria, viruses, plants and fungi
What did Camillo Golgi (1853-1934) do?
historical silver stainings of neurons
What did Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1853-1934) do?
the father of neuroscience’, brilliant neuroanatomist and artist who drew the microscopic structures of brains
Who shared the nobel prize for medicine and physiology in 1906
camillo Golgi and Ramon y Cajal
What is the neuron doctorin?
Brains are composed of separate neurons and other cells
2) Cells are independent
3) Neurons are polarised cells
4) Information is transmitted from cell to cell across tiny gaps (synapses)
At a synapse, where are signals transmitted to?
another neuron or to tissues
What is an electric synapse?
gap junctions connect the cytoplasm of two neurons
How big is the gap between membrane?
20-40nm
What is fast action?
Commanding escape responses (crayfish, fish)
What is synchronised activity?
Inhibitory neurons in mammalian brain, eye-moving muscles
Although slower, nearly all synapses are _____
chemical
What is resting potential
membrane potential when the neuron is at rest
When is it depolarisation
graded potential before reaching threshold.
when the neuron is excited (received signal)
Where are action potentials generated
in the integration zone if depolarisation reaches threshold. Signal transmission inside neuron
What are some frequently found synapses?
axo-dendric, axo-somatic, axo-axonic
What is golgi?
impregnated pyramidal cell in hippocampal area CA1, showing the soma and apical and basal dendrites