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PMP 103 - Clinical Pharmacy > Symptoms In Pharmacy - Childhood Conditions (w20) > Flashcards

Symptoms In Pharmacy - Childhood Conditions (w20) Flashcards

1
Q

What age do most children start teething ?

A

4-12 MONTHS

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2
Q

Sings and symptoms of teething are mild and _____ ?

A

Localized

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3
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of teething ?

A
  • pain
  • increased biting
  • chewing
  • dribbling
  • drooling
  • gum-rubbing
    -sucking
  • irritability
  • wakefulness
  • ear-rubbing
  • decreased appetite
  • disturbed sleep
  • infant may also have red and swollen gums with flushed cheeks or face
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4
Q

When do you refer a teething patient to GP ?

A
  • teething may cause a mild temperature, but a raised temperature (above 38 degrees) would indicate a referral to a GP - may indicate infection.
  • a change in the passage of stools at teething time.
  • any infant who is systemically unwell or in sever distress.
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5
Q

What treatments can you offer to teething patients ?

A
  • paracetamol 120mg in 5ml sugar-free oral suspension 100ml
  • ibuprofen 100mg in 5ml sugar-free oral suspension 100ml

*only use if self-care methods don’t help.
*limit to children >3 months
*only give ibuprofen after an hour of paracetamol not working.

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6
Q

What advice can you give to the patient on how to resolve/ manage condition ?

A
  • reassurance can be offered (normal and not an illness, symptoms are generally self-limiting)
  • advise the gentle rubbing of gum with clean finger may revise relief.
  • under supervision:
    - teething ring (can cool in fridge, don’t freeze. Never tie the teething ring round infants neck as can case choking)
    - clean/cold wet flannel
    - chilled fruit or veg
    - avoid objects that cab easily be broken as can cause choking.
    - cool sugar-free drinks
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7
Q

Can Bonjela be used to help treat teething in children Nader 16 years old ?

A

NO, as there is a risk of Reye’s syndrome.
- oral lidocaine-containing products for infant teething: only to be available under the supervision of a pharmacist.

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8
Q

Threadworms is common in ______ ?

A

Children

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9
Q

What is one of the main symptoms of threadworms ?

A

Itching around the anus

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10
Q

When do you treat someone for threadworms ?

A
  • if threadworms have been seen or eggs have been detected.
  • if a house member has it, treat all house members (even those without symptoms)
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11
Q

When do you refer a patient with threadworms to the GP ?

A

Refer if the person is pregnant or breastfeeding and is unwilling to undertake hygiene measures alone.

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12
Q

What treatments are offered to patients with threadworms ?

A
  • carry out hygiene measures (hygiene measures only for children under 6 months) - undertaken for 6 weeks.
  • or mebendazole and hygiene measures undertaken for 2 weeks. (Recommended for pregnant and breastfeeding women)
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13
Q

How is mebendazole given to patients with threadworm (dose) ?

A
  • given as a single dose
  • as re-infection is common, a second dose may be given after 2 weeks.
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14
Q

What is colic ?

A
  • a self limiting condition which is defined clinically as repeated episodes of excessive and inconsolable crying in an infant that otherwise appears to be healthy and thriving.
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15
Q

What is stiff neck in children a sign of ?

A

Meningitis

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16
Q

What may colic be due to ?

A
  • indigestion
  • trapped wind
  • temporary gut sensitivity
17
Q

When may the intense crying bouts of an infant with colic occur ?

A

Late afternoon or evening

18
Q

What is the most useful intervention for infants with colic ?

A

To provide support for parents/ cares and reassurance that infantile colic will resolve.
- cry-sis is charity to support families with have infants with excessive crying.

19
Q

When do you refer an infant with colic to the GP ?

A
  • Refer the infants whose parents/carers feel unable to cope despite advice and reassurance.
  • infant has a weak/ high-pitched or continuous cry.
  • isn’t feeding
  • seems floppy when you pick them up
  • has blood in their stool
  • vomits green (bile stained) fluid
  • has a seizure
  • has bulging fontanelle
  • has a fever f above 38 degrees
  • breathing problems
  • turns blue, blotchy or very pale
20
Q

How is head lice treated ?

A
  • should be treated by wet combing.
  • Hedrin should only be supplied if wet combing is unacceptable or ineffective.
21
Q

What treatments can you supply to patients with head lice ?

A
  • detection comb (first line treatment)
  • dimeticone 4% lotion (hedrin) - second line treatment used when a patient returns after 2 weeks of ineffective wet combing.
22
Q

What is nappy rash ?

A

A mild rash restricted to the nappy area

23
Q

What are common causes of nappy rash ?

A
  • candidal fungal infection
  • prolonged contact with urine or faeces
24
Q

When do you refer an infant with nappy rash to the GP ?

A
  • signs of bacterial infection (such as marked redness with exudate and vesicular and pustular lesions)
  • severe inflammation, baby is systemically unwell or has a fever.
25
Q

What treatments can you offer to infants with nappy rash ?

A
  • zinc and caster oil cream 100g pack, Metanium 30g tube (apply thinly at each nappy change and provide advice and referral if appropriate)
  • hydrocortisone 0.5% cream 15g tube via PGD (ONLY GIVE IF NAPPY RASH IS CAUSING DISCOMFORT. Babies should be older than one month and use should be a max of 7 days applied once a day)
  • Clotrimazole 1% cream 20g tube (advise patient/carers not to use barrier preparation until after the candidal infection has settled, apply 2-3 times a day and continue for at least 2 weeks after affected area has healed)
26
Q

How is oral thrush commonly recognized in infants ?

A
  • commonly recognized by generalized erythema, loss of taste or unpleasant taste in mouth and white patches that can be wiped off leaving behind red patches.
27
Q

When do you refer a patient with oral thrush to a GP ?

A
  • symptoms not resolved in 7 days
  • person has difficulty or pain swallowing
  • Person is immunocompromised
  • person has poorly controlled diabetes
28
Q

Miconazole oral gel interacts with warfarin shodl they be given together ?

A

No, give nystatin oral suspension instead of miconazole oral gel

29
Q

What is classed as the first lien treatment for oral thrush ?

A

Miconazole oral gel

PMP 103 - Clinical Pharmacy (24 decks)

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