Symptoms In Pharmacy - Childhood Conditions (w20) Flashcards
What age do most children start teething ?
4-12 MONTHS
Sings and symptoms of teething are mild and _____ ?
Localized
What are the signs and symptoms of teething ?
- pain
- increased biting
- chewing
- dribbling
- drooling
- gum-rubbing
-sucking - irritability
- wakefulness
- ear-rubbing
- decreased appetite
- disturbed sleep
- infant may also have red and swollen gums with flushed cheeks or face
When do you refer a teething patient to GP ?
- teething may cause a mild temperature, but a raised temperature (above 38 degrees) would indicate a referral to a GP - may indicate infection.
- a change in the passage of stools at teething time.
- any infant who is systemically unwell or in sever distress.
What treatments can you offer to teething patients ?
- paracetamol 120mg in 5ml sugar-free oral suspension 100ml
- ibuprofen 100mg in 5ml sugar-free oral suspension 100ml
*only use if self-care methods don’t help.
*limit to children >3 months
*only give ibuprofen after an hour of paracetamol not working.
What advice can you give to the patient on how to resolve/ manage condition ?
- reassurance can be offered (normal and not an illness, symptoms are generally self-limiting)
- advise the gentle rubbing of gum with clean finger may revise relief.
- under supervision:
- teething ring (can cool in fridge, don’t freeze. Never tie the teething ring round infants neck as can case choking)
- clean/cold wet flannel
- chilled fruit or veg
- avoid objects that cab easily be broken as can cause choking.
- cool sugar-free drinks
Can Bonjela be used to help treat teething in children Nader 16 years old ?
NO, as there is a risk of Reye’s syndrome.
- oral lidocaine-containing products for infant teething: only to be available under the supervision of a pharmacist.
Threadworms is common in ______ ?
Children
What is one of the main symptoms of threadworms ?
Itching around the anus
When do you treat someone for threadworms ?
- if threadworms have been seen or eggs have been detected.
- if a house member has it, treat all house members (even those without symptoms)
When do you refer a patient with threadworms to the GP ?
Refer if the person is pregnant or breastfeeding and is unwilling to undertake hygiene measures alone.
What treatments are offered to patients with threadworms ?
- carry out hygiene measures (hygiene measures only for children under 6 months) - undertaken for 6 weeks.
- or mebendazole and hygiene measures undertaken for 2 weeks. (Recommended for pregnant and breastfeeding women)
How is mebendazole given to patients with threadworm (dose) ?
- given as a single dose
- as re-infection is common, a second dose may be given after 2 weeks.
What is colic ?
- a self limiting condition which is defined clinically as repeated episodes of excessive and inconsolable crying in an infant that otherwise appears to be healthy and thriving.
What is stiff neck in children a sign of ?
Meningitis
What may colic be due to ?
- indigestion
- trapped wind
- temporary gut sensitivity
When may the intense crying bouts of an infant with colic occur ?
Late afternoon or evening
What is the most useful intervention for infants with colic ?
To provide support for parents/ cares and reassurance that infantile colic will resolve.
- cry-sis is charity to support families with have infants with excessive crying.
When do you refer an infant with colic to the GP ?
- Refer the infants whose parents/carers feel unable to cope despite advice and reassurance.
- infant has a weak/ high-pitched or continuous cry.
- isn’t feeding
- seems floppy when you pick them up
- has blood in their stool
- vomits green (bile stained) fluid
- has a seizure
- has bulging fontanelle
- has a fever f above 38 degrees
- breathing problems
- turns blue, blotchy or very pale
How is head lice treated ?
- should be treated by wet combing.
- Hedrin should only be supplied if wet combing is unacceptable or ineffective.
What treatments can you supply to patients with head lice ?
- detection comb (first line treatment)
- dimeticone 4% lotion (hedrin) - second line treatment used when a patient returns after 2 weeks of ineffective wet combing.
What is nappy rash ?
A mild rash restricted to the nappy area
What are common causes of nappy rash ?
- candidal fungal infection
- prolonged contact with urine or faeces
When do you refer an infant with nappy rash to the GP ?
- signs of bacterial infection (such as marked redness with exudate and vesicular and pustular lesions)
- severe inflammation, baby is systemically unwell or has a fever.
What treatments can you offer to infants with nappy rash ?
- zinc and caster oil cream 100g pack, Metanium 30g tube (apply thinly at each nappy change and provide advice and referral if appropriate)
- hydrocortisone 0.5% cream 15g tube via PGD (ONLY GIVE IF NAPPY RASH IS CAUSING DISCOMFORT. Babies should be older than one month and use should be a max of 7 days applied once a day)
- Clotrimazole 1% cream 20g tube (advise patient/carers not to use barrier preparation until after the candidal infection has settled, apply 2-3 times a day and continue for at least 2 weeks after affected area has healed)
How is oral thrush commonly recognized in infants ?
- commonly recognized by generalized erythema, loss of taste or unpleasant taste in mouth and white patches that can be wiped off leaving behind red patches.
When do you refer a patient with oral thrush to a GP ?
- symptoms not resolved in 7 days
- person has difficulty or pain swallowing
- Person is immunocompromised
- person has poorly controlled diabetes
Miconazole oral gel interacts with warfarin shodl they be given together ?
No, give nystatin oral suspension instead of miconazole oral gel
What is classed as the first lien treatment for oral thrush ?
Miconazole oral gel
