Sympathometics Flashcards
Which groups can we split sympathomimetics in?
Non-specific and specific.
Which groups do we split the specific sympathomimetics in?
Beta-adrenoreceptor agonist, alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists
what are the non-specific sympathomimetic drugs?
Adrenaline, Noradrenaline and dopamine
Which drugs are Beta-adrenoreceptor agonists?
Dobutamine, clenbuterol,solbutamole, terbutaline, salmeterole, isoxsuprine
Which drugs are Alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists?
Phenylephrine, Xylometazoline, oxymetazoline, naphazoline, tetryzoline, Phenylproponolamine, ephrine, Amphetamine, Xylazine, detomidone, medetomidine, romifidine
Receptors of Adrenaline :
Mainly B1 and B2 receptors, but increased dose affects alpha1 receptors too.
Receptors of Noradrenaline
mainly B1 and A1 receptors;
- Cardiac effect
- Blood pressure is significantly increased; -Cardiac effect – arrhythmia can be caused
- Arrhythmogenic
Receptors of dopamine:
Low dose D1 receptors (kidney, increased glomerular filtration rate, renal failure, increased blood circulation)
- Medium dose B1-receptors (heart)
- High dose A1-receptors (pressor)
Indications of Adrenaline
- cardiac stop
- severe bronchoconstriction
- anaphylaxia(3 agents: Adrenaline, glucocorticoids, antihistamine)
- local vasoconstriction (stops haemorrhages)
- increase in duration of local anaesthetics
- Lidocain + adrenaline combo
Indications of Noradrenaline
(rare)
-Hypotensin (low blood pressure)
Indications of Dopamine
- Constrict blood supply
- shock
Receptors of: Dobutamine:
Mainly alpha1, vasoconstriction
Receptors of: Beta2-agonists:
- Clenbuterole
- Salbutamole
- Terbutaline
- Isoxsuprine
- Mainly beta 2 receptors
- Bronchodilatation
- Uterus relaxation
Higher dosage beta1-receptors cardiac effect
Receptors of: Phenylephrine:
Mainly alpha1-receptors vasoconstriction
Receptors of Xylometazoline, Oxymetazoline, naphazoline, tetryzoline:
-Mainly alpha 1 receptors vasoconstriction
Receptors of: Phenylpropanolamine
Mainly alpha1 receptors urinary bladder sphincter constriction!
effects and indications of: Ephedrine
Effects: Nonspecific, direct and indirect effects.
Tachyphylaxis
CNS.
Indication: -Allergy,incontinence
Indications of :Dobutamine:
-cardiogenic shock (IV infusion)
Indications of : Clenbuterole
- Salbutamole
- Terbutaline
- Isoxsuprine
- Horse RAO
- Feline asthma
- Bronchitis,bronchopneumonia
- Tracheal hypoplasia
- Tracheal collapse
Indications of :Phenylephrine:
-Used rarly, but local (allergy,cold) or systemic usage (hypotension,shock)
Indications of : Xylometazoline, Oxymetazoline, naphazoline, tetryzoline:
-Local usage, rebound syndrome
What are -Xylazine -Detomidine -Medetomidine -Romifidine used for?
Sedato hypnotics
