Sympathetic Pharmacology Flashcards
what do the 1,3,5 muscarinic receptors result in
excitation
what do the 2,4 muscarinic receptor result in
inhibition
which adrenergic receptor dilates pupils
alpha 1
which adrenergic receptor inhibits salvation
beta
which adrenergic receptor increases the heart rate
beta 1
which adrenergic receptor relaxes the airways
beta 2
which adrenergic receptor inhibits activity of the stomach
beta 2
which adrenergic receptor stimulates release of glucose and inhibits gall bladder
beta 2
which adrenergic receptos inhibits activity of the intestine
beta 2
which adrenergic receptor relaxes the bladder
beta 2
which adrenergic receptor promotes ejaculation adn vaginal contraction
alpha 1
what do alpha 1 act on
eyes and external genitalia
vasoconstriction
what do beta 2 receptors act on
lungs
stomach
gallbladder
intestine
bladder
what do beta 1 receptors act on
heart
what does noepinephrine mainly stimulate
alpha 1 receptors in blood vessels
what does epinephrine have an affinity for
beta receptor in cardiac muscle
what is the sym effect on the pupillary opening
contracts radial muscle causing dilation, midriasis
what is the para effect on the pupillary opening
contracts the circular muscle causing contraction , miosis
what is the para effect on lens focusing
contraction of ciliary muscle allowing near vision
what is the para effect on glands
M3 muscarinic stimulation secretes water product
what is the sym effect on glands
beta causes protein secretion
alpha causes vasoconstriciton which decreases water
what is the sym effect on vascular smooth muscle
alpha contracts skin vessels
muscarinic relaxes skeletal muscle vessels
what is the para effect on the endothlial cells
release EDRF which relaxes vessels
describe the baroreceptor reflex
decrease in blood pressure detected by carotid sinus/aortic arch causes decrease in firing rate of afferents. cardiovascular center increases sym activity and decreases para causing an increase in heart rate and stroke volume
what happens to organs that have destroyed sym or para nerves
they increase response to external neurotransmitters and upregulate receptors in end organs
what does the alpha 1 receptor cause
vasoconstriction pupil dilation inibits uterine contraction in pregnancy ejaculation contraction of bladder neck and prostate
what does the alpha 2 receptor cause
inhibits neurotransmitter release in presynaptic junction
inhibit insulin release
cardiac vasoconstriciton
what does the beta 1 receptor do
increases heart rate, force of contraction and velocity of conduction in AV node
what does the beta 2 receptor do
bronchial dilation
relax uterine muscle
vasodilation
glucose release
what is an alpha 1 agonist
pseudophedrine
what is an alpha antagonist
prazosin
what is an alpha 2 agonist
clonidine
what is a beta 1 agonist
isoproterenol
dobutamine
what is a beta 1 antagonist
propanolol
what is a beta 2 agonist
isoproterenol
terbutaline
what is a beta 2 antagonist
propanolol
define sympathomimetic
adrenergic agonists- stimulate sym receptors
what is epinephrine used for
bronchospasm
anaphylactic shock
cardiac arrest
with anasthetic
what is noepinephrine used to treat
shock
what is pseudoephedrine used to treat
nasal congestion
what are some examples of brain targeted non selective sympathomimetics how do they work
cocaine
amphetamines
ritalin
MDMA-ecstacy block reuptake of neurotransmitters
what drugs are used to treat parkinsons
selegiline inhibits monoamine oxidase and levadopa is a dopamine precursor
what are 2 types of antidepressants and example
monoamine oxidase inhibitor - phenelzine
tricyclic - amytriptyline
what is the primary function of an alpha 1 agonist
vasoconstriction
side effects of alpha 1 peripheral activation
sweat manic anxiety paranoria increased speed and thinking weight loss hyperglycemia impotence hypertension
beta 2 agonists used for bronchial dilation that are short acting
albuterol -salbutamol and ventolin
what is the beta 2 agonist used for bronchial dilation long actin
salmeterol
which agonists are adrenergic antagonists
alpha 2 agonists
what do anti-adrenergic drugs do
inhibit or block the effects of sym nerve stimulation
an example of alpha 2 agonist and what does it do
clonidine
inhibits release of NE in CNS so lowers BP
two drugs that are alpha 1 antagonists to decrease blood pressure
prazosin and doxasin
drug that is an alpha 1 antagonist to treat prostatic hypertrophy and vasospastic problems
tamsulosin
explain how both activation and inhibition is used to treat congestive heart failure
activate receptor subtype beta1 on heart to increase cardiac output and inhibit receptor subtype alpha 1 on peripheral vessels to decrease peripheral resistance
what are side effects of blocking alpha 1 receptors
orthostatic hypertension(head rush) early on vertigo sexual dysfunction reflec tachycardia floppy iris syndrome
what is a first generation beta blocker
non selective- can be beta 1 or 2
what are second generation beta blockers
selective for beta 1
what are third generation beta blockers
partially selective with alpha 1 inhibition
whu shouldnt you use propranolol in patients with asthma
non selective so will block beta 2 receptors and cause bronchospasm
how does propanolol help with angina and myocardial infarction
reduced oxygen demands
what drug is used for glaocoma
and why
timolol because blocks beta receptors and causes decreased production of aqeous humor
what drugs are used to treat hypertension for people with asthma or diabetes
second generation beta blocker atenalol
what is a third generation beta blocker with higher affinity for beta 1 and two
carvedilol
so reduces HR and exacerbates asthma
what is a third generation beta blocker that has a higher affinity for alpha 1
labetalol
so reduces Bp without large effect on HR
