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Pharmacology 2100 > Sympathetic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Sympathetic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what do the 1,3,5 muscarinic receptors result in

A

excitation

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2
Q

what do the 2,4 muscarinic receptor result in

A

inhibition

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3
Q

which adrenergic receptor dilates pupils

A

alpha 1

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4
Q

which adrenergic receptor inhibits salvation

A

beta

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5
Q

which adrenergic receptor increases the heart rate

A

beta 1

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6
Q

which adrenergic receptor relaxes the airways

A

beta 2

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7
Q

which adrenergic receptor inhibits activity of the stomach

A

beta 2

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8
Q

which adrenergic receptor stimulates release of glucose and inhibits gall bladder

A

beta 2

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9
Q

which adrenergic receptos inhibits activity of the intestine

A

beta 2

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10
Q

which adrenergic receptor relaxes the bladder

A

beta 2

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11
Q

which adrenergic receptor promotes ejaculation adn vaginal contraction

A

alpha 1

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12
Q

what do alpha 1 act on

A

eyes and external genitalia

vasoconstriction

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13
Q

what do beta 2 receptors act on

A

lungs

stomach
gallbladder
intestine
bladder

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14
Q

what do beta 1 receptors act on

A

heart

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15
Q

what does noepinephrine mainly stimulate

A

alpha 1 receptors in blood vessels

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16
Q

what does epinephrine have an affinity for

A

beta receptor in cardiac muscle

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17
Q

what is the sym effect on the pupillary opening

A

contracts radial muscle causing dilation, midriasis

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18
Q

what is the para effect on the pupillary opening

A

contracts the circular muscle causing contraction , miosis

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19
Q

what is the para effect on lens focusing

A

contraction of ciliary muscle allowing near vision

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20
Q

what is the para effect on glands

A

M3 muscarinic stimulation secretes water product

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21
Q

what is the sym effect on glands

A

beta causes protein secretion

alpha causes vasoconstriciton which decreases water

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22
Q

what is the sym effect on vascular smooth muscle

A

alpha contracts skin vessels

muscarinic relaxes skeletal muscle vessels

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23
Q

what is the para effect on the endothlial cells

A

release EDRF which relaxes vessels

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24
Q

describe the baroreceptor reflex

A

decrease in blood pressure detected by carotid sinus/aortic arch causes decrease in firing rate of afferents. cardiovascular center increases sym activity and decreases para causing an increase in heart rate and stroke volume

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25
Q

what happens to organs that have destroyed sym or para nerves

A

they increase response to external neurotransmitters and upregulate receptors in end organs

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26
Q

what does the alpha 1 receptor cause

A 
vasoconstriction
pupil dilation 
inibits uterine contraction in pregnancy 
ejaculation 
contraction of bladder neck and prostate
27
Q

what does the alpha 2 receptor cause

A

inhibits neurotransmitter release in presynaptic junction
inhibit insulin release
cardiac vasoconstriciton

28
Q

what does the beta 1 receptor do

A

increases heart rate, force of contraction and velocity of conduction in AV node

29
Q

what does the beta 2 receptor do

A

bronchial dilation
relax uterine muscle
vasodilation
glucose release

30
Q

what is an alpha 1 agonist

A

pseudophedrine

31
Q

what is an alpha antagonist

A

prazosin

32
Q

what is an alpha 2 agonist

A

clonidine

33
Q

what is a beta 1 agonist

A

isoproterenol

dobutamine

34
Q

what is a beta 1 antagonist

A

propanolol

35
Q

what is a beta 2 agonist

A

isoproterenol

terbutaline

36
Q

what is a beta 2 antagonist

A

propanolol

37
Q

define sympathomimetic

A

adrenergic agonists- stimulate sym receptors

38
Q

what is epinephrine used for

A

bronchospasm
anaphylactic shock
cardiac arrest
with anasthetic

39
Q

what is noepinephrine used to treat

A

shock

40
Q

what is pseudoephedrine used to treat

A

nasal congestion

41
Q

what are some examples of brain targeted non selective sympathomimetics how do they work

A

cocaine
amphetamines
ritalin
MDMA-ecstacy block reuptake of neurotransmitters

42
Q

what drugs are used to treat parkinsons

A

selegiline inhibits monoamine oxidase and levadopa is a dopamine precursor

43
Q

what are 2 types of antidepressants and example

A

monoamine oxidase inhibitor - phenelzine

tricyclic - amytriptyline

44
Q

what is the primary function of an alpha 1 agonist

A

vasoconstriction

45
Q

side effects of alpha 1 peripheral activation

A 
sweat 
manic 
anxiety
paranoria
increased speed and thinking
weight loss
hyperglycemia
impotence
hypertension
46
Q

beta 2 agonists used for bronchial dilation that are short acting

A

albuterol -salbutamol and ventolin

47
Q

what is the beta 2 agonist used for bronchial dilation long actin

A

salmeterol

48
Q

which agonists are adrenergic antagonists

A

alpha 2 agonists

49
Q

what do anti-adrenergic drugs do

A

inhibit or block the effects of sym nerve stimulation

50
Q

an example of alpha 2 agonist and what does it do

A

clonidine

inhibits release of NE in CNS so lowers BP

51
Q

two drugs that are alpha 1 antagonists to decrease blood pressure

A

prazosin and doxasin

52
Q

drug that is an alpha 1 antagonist to treat prostatic hypertrophy and vasospastic problems

A

tamsulosin

53
Q

explain how both activation and inhibition is used to treat congestive heart failure

A

activate receptor subtype beta1 on heart to increase cardiac output and inhibit receptor subtype alpha 1 on peripheral vessels to decrease peripheral resistance

54
Q

what are side effects of blocking alpha 1 receptors

A 
orthostatic hypertension(head rush) early on
vertigo 
sexual dysfunction 
reflec tachycardia 
floppy iris syndrome
55
Q

what is a first generation beta blocker

A

non selective- can be beta 1 or 2

56
Q

what are second generation beta blockers

A

selective for beta 1

57
Q

what are third generation beta blockers

A

partially selective with alpha 1 inhibition

58
Q

whu shouldnt you use propranolol in patients with asthma

A

non selective so will block beta 2 receptors and cause bronchospasm

59
Q

how does propanolol help with angina and myocardial infarction

A

reduced oxygen demands

60
Q

what drug is used for glaocoma

and why

A

timolol because blocks beta receptors and causes decreased production of aqeous humor

61
Q

what drugs are used to treat hypertension for people with asthma or diabetes

A

second generation beta blocker atenalol

62
Q

what is a third generation beta blocker with higher affinity for beta 1 and two

A

carvedilol

so reduces HR and exacerbates asthma

63
Q

what is a third generation beta blocker that has a higher affinity for alpha 1

A

labetalol

so reduces Bp without large effect on HR

Pharmacology 2100 (13 decks)

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