Sympathetic Pharmacology

Question 1

what do the 1,3,5 muscarinic receptors result in

Answer 1

excitation

Question 2

what do the 2,4 muscarinic receptor result in

Answer 2

inhibition

Question 3

which adrenergic receptor dilates pupils

Answer 3

alpha 1

Question 4

which adrenergic receptor inhibits salvation

Answer 4

beta

Question 5

which adrenergic receptor increases the heart rate

Answer 5

beta 1

Question 6

which adrenergic receptor relaxes the airways

Answer 6

beta 2

Question 7

which adrenergic receptor inhibits activity of the stomach

Answer 7

beta 2

Question 8

which adrenergic receptor stimulates release of glucose and inhibits gall bladder

Answer 8

beta 2

Question 9

which adrenergic receptos inhibits activity of the intestine

Answer 9

beta 2

Question 10

which adrenergic receptor relaxes the bladder

Answer 10

beta 2

Question 11

which adrenergic receptor promotes ejaculation adn vaginal contraction

Answer 11

alpha 1

Question 12

what do alpha 1 act on

Answer 12

eyes and external genitalia

vasoconstriction

Question 13

what do beta 2 receptors act on

Answer 13

lungs

stomach
gallbladder
intestine
bladder

Question 14

what do beta 1 receptors act on

Answer 14

heart

Question 15

what does noepinephrine mainly stimulate

Answer 15

alpha 1 receptors in blood vessels

Question 16

what does epinephrine have an affinity for

Answer 16

beta receptor in cardiac muscle

Question 17

what is the sym effect on the pupillary opening

Answer 17

contracts radial muscle causing dilation, midriasis

Question 18

what is the para effect on the pupillary opening

Answer 18

contracts the circular muscle causing contraction , miosis

Question 19

what is the para effect on lens focusing

Answer 19

contraction of ciliary muscle allowing near vision

Question 20

what is the para effect on glands

Answer 20

M3 muscarinic stimulation secretes water product

Question 21

what is the sym effect on glands

Answer 21

beta causes protein secretion

alpha causes vasoconstriciton which decreases water

Question 22

what is the sym effect on vascular smooth muscle

Answer 22

alpha contracts skin vessels

muscarinic relaxes skeletal muscle vessels

Question 23

what is the para effect on the endothlial cells

Answer 23

release EDRF which relaxes vessels

Question 24

describe the baroreceptor reflex

Answer 24

decrease in blood pressure detected by carotid sinus/aortic arch causes decrease in firing rate of afferents. cardiovascular center increases sym activity and decreases para causing an increase in heart rate and stroke volume

Question 25

what happens to organs that have destroyed sym or para nerves

Answer 25

they increase response to external neurotransmitters and upregulate receptors in end organs

Question 26

what does the alpha 1 receptor cause

Answer 26

``` vasoconstriction pupil dilation inibits uterine contraction in pregnancy ejaculation contraction of bladder neck and prostate ```

Question 27

what does the alpha 2 receptor cause

Answer 27

inhibits neurotransmitter release in presynaptic junction inhibit insulin release cardiac vasoconstriciton

Question 28

what does the beta 1 receptor do

Answer 28

increases heart rate, force of contraction and velocity of conduction in AV node

Question 29

what does the beta 2 receptor do

Answer 29

bronchial dilation relax uterine muscle vasodilation glucose release

Question 30

what is an alpha 1 agonist

Answer 30

pseudophedrine

Question 31

what is an alpha antagonist

Answer 31

prazosin

Question 32

what is an alpha 2 agonist

Answer 32

clonidine

Question 33

what is a beta 1 agonist

Answer 33

isoproterenol | dobutamine

Question 34

what is a beta 1 antagonist

Answer 34

propanolol

Question 35

what is a beta 2 agonist

Answer 35

isoproterenol | terbutaline

Question 36

what is a beta 2 antagonist

Answer 36

propanolol

Question 37

define sympathomimetic

Answer 37

adrenergic agonists- stimulate sym receptors

Question 38

what is epinephrine used for

Answer 38

bronchospasm anaphylactic shock cardiac arrest with anasthetic

Question 39

what is noepinephrine used to treat

Answer 39

shock

Question 40

what is pseudoephedrine used to treat

Answer 40

nasal congestion

Question 41

what are some examples of brain targeted non selective sympathomimetics how do they work

Answer 41

cocaine amphetamines ritalin MDMA-ecstacy block reuptake of neurotransmitters

Question 42

what drugs are used to treat parkinsons

Answer 42

selegiline inhibits monoamine oxidase and levadopa is a dopamine precursor

Question 43

what are 2 types of antidepressants and example

Answer 43

monoamine oxidase inhibitor - phenelzine | tricyclic - amytriptyline

Question 44

what is the primary function of an alpha 1 agonist

Answer 44

vasoconstriction

Question 45

side effects of alpha 1 peripheral activation

Answer 45

``` sweat manic anxiety paranoria increased speed and thinking weight loss hyperglycemia impotence hypertension ```

Question 46

beta 2 agonists used for bronchial dilation that are short acting

Answer 46

albuterol -salbutamol and ventolin

Question 47

what is the beta 2 agonist used for bronchial dilation long actin

Answer 47

salmeterol

Question 48

which agonists are adrenergic antagonists

Answer 48

alpha 2 agonists

Question 49

what do anti-adrenergic drugs do

Answer 49

inhibit or block the effects of sym nerve stimulation

Question 50

an example of alpha 2 agonist and what does it do

Answer 50

clonidine | inhibits release of NE in CNS so lowers BP

Question 51

two drugs that are alpha 1 antagonists to decrease blood pressure

Answer 51

prazosin and doxasin

Question 52

drug that is an alpha 1 antagonist to treat prostatic hypertrophy and vasospastic problems

Answer 52

tamsulosin

Question 53

explain how both activation and inhibition is used to treat congestive heart failure

Answer 53

activate receptor subtype beta1 on heart to increase cardiac output and inhibit receptor subtype alpha 1 on peripheral vessels to decrease peripheral resistance

Question 54

what are side effects of blocking alpha 1 receptors

Answer 54

``` orthostatic hypertension(head rush) early on vertigo sexual dysfunction reflec tachycardia floppy iris syndrome ```

Question 55

what is a first generation beta blocker

Answer 55

non selective- can be beta 1 or 2

Question 56

what are second generation beta blockers

Answer 56

selective for beta 1

Question 57

what are third generation beta blockers

Answer 57

partially selective with alpha 1 inhibition

Question 58

whu shouldnt you use propranolol in patients with asthma

Answer 58

non selective so will block beta 2 receptors and cause bronchospasm

Question 59

how does propanolol help with angina and myocardial infarction

Answer 59

reduced oxygen demands

Question 60

what drug is used for glaocoma | and why

Answer 60

timolol because blocks beta receptors and causes decreased production of aqeous humor

Question 61

what drugs are used to treat hypertension for people with asthma or diabetes

Answer 61

second generation beta blocker atenalol

Question 62

what is a third generation beta blocker with higher affinity for beta 1 and two

Answer 62

carvedilol | so reduces HR and exacerbates asthma

Question 63

what is a third generation beta blocker that has a higher affinity for alpha 1

Answer 63

labetalol | so reduces Bp without large effect on HR