Gout Flashcards
what is gout caused by
accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints
acute joint inflammation
why is gout known as rich mans disease
associated with a large intake of purine susch as red meat and wine
uric acid production*
purine nucleotides - inosinic acid - hypoxanthine- xanthine- uric acid
what enzyme converts hypoxanthine to xanthine
xanthine oxidase
what enzyme converts xanthine to uric acid
xanthine oxidase
what are the drug therapys of gout
colchicine
allopurinol
probenecid
NSAIDS
colchicine moa
anti inflammatory agent
impairs pmn motility or chemotaxtis thus inflammatory response to crystals
deosnt treat underlying cause so propylactic therapy
allopurinol
xanthine oxidase inhibitor reduces urate formation but risk of hypoxanthine stones
NSAIDS
drug of choice for gouty arthritis
probenecid
uricosuric: inhibits reabsorption of uric acid
inhibits excretion of other acidic drugs
local anesthetic
interrupts pain impulses in a specific region of the bodt without loss of patient consciousness
reversible
surface anesthesia
application of local anesthetic to skin or mucous membranes to relieve itching, burning, pain
nerve block
anesthetic injected around nerve that leads to operative site
peridural anesthesia
injected into peridural space (one of the coverings of the spinal cord)
spinal anesthesia
injected into subarachnoid space of the spinal cord
types of local anesthesia
epidural- spine infiltration- inject into area nerve block spinal topical
order of effects of anesthsia
first autonomic activity
then pain and other sensory lost
motor last to be lost
wear off in reverse order
what is anesthesia used for
surgery
dental procedures
diagnostics
some pain
when are there bad side effects of anesthesia
enters the CNS intravascular injection excessive dose or rate of injection slow metabolic breakdown injection into a highly vascular tissue
