Gout

Question 1

what is gout caused by

Answer 1

accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints

acute joint inflammation

Question 2

why is gout known as rich mans disease

Answer 2

associated with a large intake of purine susch as red meat and wine

Question 3

uric acid production*

Answer 3

purine nucleotides - inosinic acid - hypoxanthine- xanthine- uric acid

Question 4

what enzyme converts hypoxanthine to xanthine

Answer 4

xanthine oxidase

Question 5

what enzyme converts xanthine to uric acid

Answer 5

xanthine oxidase

Question 6

what are the drug therapys of gout

Answer 6

colchicine
allopurinol
probenecid
NSAIDS

Question 7

colchicine moa

Answer 7

anti inflammatory agent
impairs pmn motility or chemotaxtis thus inflammatory response to crystals
deosnt treat underlying cause so propylactic therapy

Question 8

allopurinol

Answer 8

xanthine oxidase inhibitor reduces urate formation but risk of hypoxanthine stones

Question 9

NSAIDS

Answer 9

drug of choice for gouty arthritis

Question 10

probenecid

Answer 10

uricosuric: inhibits reabsorption of uric acid

inhibits excretion of other acidic drugs

Question 11

local anesthetic

Answer 11

interrupts pain impulses in a specific region of the bodt without loss of patient consciousness
reversible

Question 12

surface anesthesia

Answer 12

application of local anesthetic to skin or mucous membranes to relieve itching, burning, pain

Question 13

nerve block

Answer 13

anesthetic injected around nerve that leads to operative site

Question 14

peridural anesthesia

Answer 14

injected into peridural space (one of the coverings of the spinal cord)

Question 15

spinal anesthesia

Answer 15

injected into subarachnoid space of the spinal cord

Question 16

types of local anesthesia

Answer 16

epidural- spine 
infiltration- inject into area
nerve block 
spinal 
topical

Question 17

order of effects of anesthsia

Answer 17

first autonomic activity
then pain and other sensory lost
motor last to be lost
wear off in reverse order

Question 18

what is anesthesia used for

Answer 18

surgery
dental procedures
diagnostics
some pain

Question 19

when are there bad side effects of anesthesia

Answer 19

enters the CNS 
intravascular injection 
excessive dose or rate of injection 
slow metabolic breakdown 
injection into a highly vascular tissue