lecture 3 stuff

Question 1

what are the 3 excretion steps (renal)

Answer 1

glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion

Question 2

what enzyme are most drugs metabolized by

Answer 2

CYP 3A4/5

Question 3

what is the importance of induction

Answer 3

allows enzyme to change in response to foreign substance

Question 4

what are the effects of induction

Answer 4

increased clearance
decreased half life
decreased response

Question 5

what factors other than drugs can cause induction

Answer 5

environment
smoking increases metabolism
herbal and nutritional supplements

Question 6

what does a drug that is an enzyme inducer do

Answer 6

drug increases amount of enzyme for metabolism

Question 7

what does a drug that is and enzyme inhibitor do

Answer 7

drug blocks metabolism of another drug

Question 8

what are the effects of an enzyme inhibitor

Answer 8

increased response
increase half life
immediate effects

Question 9

what does aspirin and warfarin cause

Answer 9

hemmorage

Question 10

what does erythromycin and seldane cause

Answer 10

fatal arythmia

Question 11

what does 2 CNS depressants cause

Answer 11

respiratory depression

Question 12

what does viagra and nitro cause

Answer 12

hypotension

Question 13

what does ACE inhibitors and potassium sparing diuretics cause

Answer 13

hyperkalemia

Question 14

if a drug is an inhibitor what are the PK effects

Answer 14

decreased clearance

increased half life

Question 15

if a drug is an inhibitor what are the PD effects

Answer 15

increased response

increased duration

Question 16

in what ways does the CYP gene family vary

Answer 16

expression level
enzyme activity
enzyme induction

Question 17

what type of metabolizer are most drugs made for

Answer 17

extensive metabolizer

Question 18

what are poor metabolizers more prone to

Answer 18

increased risk of toxicity

Question 19

what are people who are ultraextensive metabolizers more prone to

Answer 19

reduced response

Question 20

how many CYP2D6 alleles are there? how many copies can it have

Answer 20

43 alleles

1-5, or 13 copies

Question 21

how does the copies of CYP2D6 alleles affect metabolism

Answer 21

more copies = more metabolism

Question 22

what would happen if you had 0 copies of the CYP2D6 allelle?
1-3?
13

Answer 22

0 - no metabolism may be toxic
1-3 adequate response
13 rapid metabolism overdose?

Question 23

what do you do to a drug dose if someone has impaired organ that functions in metabolism or excretion

Answer 23

adjust dose

Question 24

what are 3 outcomes of drug metabolism

Answer 24

inactivity
toxicity
water solubility