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Pharmacology 2100 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the endocrine system

A

hormones released in the blood ex. insulin

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2
Q

what are sensory nerves

A

‘afferent’ take information from periphery to CNS

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3
Q

what are motor nerves

A

‘efferent’ take information from the CNS to the periphery and produce a peripheral change

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4
Q

what muscles does the somatic system act on

A

skeletal

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5
Q

what muscles does the autonomic system act on

A

smooth and cardiac

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6
Q

how is the somatic nervous system controlled

A

consciously

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7
Q

how is the autonomic nervous system controlled

A

automatic control of ograns and glands

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8
Q

what are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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9
Q

what does ergotropic mean, which system is it

A

energy expenditure

sympathetic

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10
Q

what does trophotropic mean, which system

A

leading to growth

para

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11
Q

which spinal segments do sym come from

A

thoracic
lumbar
T1-L2

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12
Q

which spinal segments do para come from

A

cranial 3,7,9,10

sacral S2-4

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13
Q

what are the length of axons in sym and significance

A

preganglion: short
post: long
cant pick and choose certain organs, activates as a whole

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14
Q

what are the length of axon in para and significance

A

preganglion: long
post:short
can pick and choose which organ recieves signal

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15
Q

what do all pre ganglions release

A

acetylcholine and are excitatory

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16
Q

what do sym post ganglions release

A

noepinephrine and are excitatory and inhibitory

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17
Q

what do para post ganglions release

A

acetylcholine and are excitatory and inhibitory

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18
Q

how is excitation or inhibition mediated

A

receptors

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19
Q

what are the target organs of the parasympathetic system

A

head
neck
trunk
external genitalia

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20
Q

what are the target tissues of the sympathetic system

A 
organs of head neck trunk genitalia 
adrenal medulla 
vascular smooth muscle 
arrector muscles in hair 
sweat glands in skin
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21
Q

effect of ANS on the pupil

A

sym: dilates
para: constricts

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22
Q

effect if ANS on saliva flow

A

sym: inhibits
para: stimulates

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23
Q

effect of ANS on heartbeat

A

sym: accelerates
para: decelerates

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24
Q

effect of ANS on bronchi

A

sym: dilates
para: constricts

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25
Q

effect of ANS on GI perstalisis and secretion

A

sym: inhibits
para: stimulates

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26
Q

effect of ANS on the liver functions

A

sym: stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose
para: stimulates release of bile

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27
Q

effect of ANS on the adrenal medulla

A

sym: secretion of adrenaline and noadrenaline
para: none

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28
Q

effect of ANS on bladder

A

sym: inhibits constraction
para: constracts

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29
Q

what are paravetebral ganglia

A

located at the sides of the vertebrea united by preganglions on the sympathetic trunk

30
Q

how far do preganglionic neurons go compared to post

A

pre- T1- L3
post- cervical to coccyx
pre will ascend or descend to reach synapse

31
Q

what are cardiopulmonary splanchnics

A

postganglionic fibers to the thoracic viscera

32
Q

what are abdominopelvic splanchnics

A

preganglion fibers to preveretebral ganglia then postganglionic fibers to abdominopelvic viscera

33
Q

what are the 3 prevertebral ganglia

A

inf mesentery ganglion
superior mesentary ganglion
celiac ganglion

34
Q

explain how to get from L-tyrosine to dopamine

A

Ltyrosine to DOPA to dopamine to norepinephrine to epinephrine

35
Q

describe the receptor and signal transduction in alpha 1 adrenergic receptor

A

activates phospholipase C which will activate protein kinase C and increase calcium and protein kinase activity

36
Q

describe receptor and signal transduction in alpha 2 adrenergic receptor

A

inactivates adenylate cyclase decreasing camp and therefore camp dependent protein kinase activity

37
Q

describe the receptor and signal transduction in beta adrenergic receptors

A

activates adenylate cyclase which increase camp and camp dependent protein kinase activity

38
Q

what is the response of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

A

smooth muscle contraction

39
Q

what is the response of alpha 2 adrenergic receptors

A

inactivates noepinephrine and insulin release

40
Q

what is the response of beta adrenergic receptors

A

heart lung and energy regulation

gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, increase heart rate, bronchodilation

41
Q

descibe two methods of noepinephrine uptake

A
  1. MAO converts to metabolites

2. COMT converts to metabolites

42
Q

what is the rate limiting step in the synthesis of noepinephrine

A

hydroxylation of tyrosine

43
Q

what are 5 sites to alter the activity of a neurotransmitter

A 
synthesis
storage
release 
receptor
degradation
44
Q

ANS effect on lacrimal glands

A

para- stimulates tears

45
Q

ANS effect on salivary glands

A

sym- thick viscous secretion

para- watery

46
Q

ANS effect on heart

A

sym- increased rate and contractility

para- decreased rate and contractility

47
Q

ANs effet on gastrointestinal

A

sym: decrease motility and tone
para: increase ‘’

48
Q

ANS effect on female genitalia

A

sym:relaxation of uterus

49
Q

ANS effect on skeletal blood vessels

A

sym: dilation

50
Q

ANS effect on skin blood vessels

A

sym: constrict

51
Q

ANS effect on male genitalia

A

sym: stimulates ejaculation
para: stimulates erection

52
Q

ANS effect on bladder

A

sym: relax detrusor, contract sphincter
para: cotnract detrusor, relax sphincter

53
Q

ANS effect on kidney

A

sym: secretion of renin

54
Q

ANS effect on trachea and bronchioles

A

sym: dilates
para: constricts

55
Q

ANS effect on the eye

A

sym: contract iris radial muscle, dilate
para: contract iris sphincter and ciliary muscles, contract

56
Q

what are the 2 cholinergic receptors

A

nicotinic and muscarinic

57
Q

describe signal transduction in muscarinic receptor M1,3,5

A

activates phospholipase C then active protein kinase C and increase calcium

58
Q

describe the receptor and signal transduction in muscarinic receptors M2,4

A

inactivates adenylate cyclase decreases camp and camp dependent protein kinase activity
activates potassium channels

59
Q

what is the response from M1,3,5 receptors

A

excitation

60
Q

response from M2,4 receptors

A

inhibition

61
Q

what are the two components of acetylcholine

A

from choline and acetylcoA

62
Q

describe degradation of acetylcholine

A

rapidly hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase in synaptic cleft

63
Q

give an example of opposite effects at the same site

A

SA node
NE beta increases heart rate
ach M decreases heart rate

64
Q

give an example of opposite effects at different site

A

pupil
NE alpha dilates
ach M constricts

65
Q

give example of sym nerves acting on para nerve endings

A

NE alpha decreases Ach releases in intestinal wall

66
Q

give an example of complementary effects

A

male genital
para- erection
sym- ejaculation

67
Q

give an example of an organ that receives one system

A

ciliary eye muscles - Ach

arterioles of most organs- NE

68
Q

what formula determines blood pressure

A

BP= CO x TPR

69
Q

what is the baroreceptor reflex

A

specialized areas in carotid sinus/aortic arch sensitive to stretch detect changes in BP and sends messages to brain cardiovascular center

70
Q

how is high blood pressure corrected

A

decrease sym, increase para

71
Q

how is low blood pressure corrected

A

increase sym,

decrease para

Pharmacology 2100 (13 decks)

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