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Pharmacology 2100 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the endocrine system

A

hormones released in the blood ex. insulin

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2
Q

what are sensory nerves

A

‘afferent’ take information from periphery to CNS

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3
Q

what are motor nerves

A

‘efferent’ take information from the CNS to the periphery and produce a peripheral change

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4
Q

what muscles does the somatic system act on

A

skeletal

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5
Q

what muscles does the autonomic system act on

A

smooth and cardiac

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6
Q

how is the somatic nervous system controlled

A

consciously

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7
Q

how is the autonomic nervous system controlled

A

automatic control of ograns and glands

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8
Q

what are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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9
Q

what does ergotropic mean, which system is it

A

energy expenditure

sympathetic

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10
Q

what does trophotropic mean, which system

A

leading to growth

para

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11
Q

which spinal segments do sym come from

A

thoracic
lumbar
T1-L2

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12
Q

which spinal segments do para come from

A

cranial 3,7,9,10

sacral S2-4

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13
Q

what are the length of axons in sym and significance

A

preganglion: short
post: long
cant pick and choose certain organs, activates as a whole

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14
Q

what are the length of axon in para and significance

A

preganglion: long
post:short
can pick and choose which organ recieves signal

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15
Q

what do all pre ganglions release

A

acetylcholine and are excitatory

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16
Q

what do sym post ganglions release

A

noepinephrine and are excitatory and inhibitory

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17
Q

what do para post ganglions release

A

acetylcholine and are excitatory and inhibitory

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18
Q

how is excitation or inhibition mediated

A

receptors

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19
Q

what are the target organs of the parasympathetic system

A

head
neck
trunk
external genitalia

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20
Q

what are the target tissues of the sympathetic system

A 
organs of head neck trunk genitalia 
adrenal medulla 
vascular smooth muscle 
arrector muscles in hair 
sweat glands in skin
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21
Q

effect of ANS on the pupil

A

sym: dilates
para: constricts

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22
Q

effect if ANS on saliva flow

A

sym: inhibits
para: stimulates

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23
Q

effect of ANS on heartbeat

A

sym: accelerates
para: decelerates

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24
Q

effect of ANS on bronchi

A

sym: dilates
para: constricts

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25
effect of ANS on GI perstalisis and secretion
sym: inhibits para: stimulates
26
effect of ANS on the liver functions
sym: stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose para: stimulates release of bile
27
effect of ANS on the adrenal medulla
sym: secretion of adrenaline and noadrenaline para: none
28
effect of ANS on bladder
sym: inhibits constraction para: constracts
29
what are paravetebral ganglia
located at the sides of the vertebrea united by preganglions on the sympathetic trunk
30
how far do preganglionic neurons go compared to post
pre- T1- L3 post- cervical to coccyx pre will ascend or descend to reach synapse
31
what are cardiopulmonary splanchnics
postganglionic fibers to the thoracic viscera
32
what are abdominopelvic splanchnics
preganglion fibers to preveretebral ganglia then postganglionic fibers to abdominopelvic viscera
33
what are the 3 prevertebral ganglia
inf mesentery ganglion superior mesentary ganglion celiac ganglion
34
explain how to get from L-tyrosine to dopamine
Ltyrosine to DOPA to dopamine to norepinephrine to epinephrine
35
describe the receptor and signal transduction in alpha 1 adrenergic receptor
activates phospholipase C which will activate protein kinase C and increase calcium and protein kinase activity
36
describe receptor and signal transduction in alpha 2 adrenergic receptor
inactivates adenylate cyclase decreasing camp and therefore camp dependent protein kinase activity
37
describe the receptor and signal transduction in beta adrenergic receptors
activates adenylate cyclase which increase camp and camp dependent protein kinase activity
38
what is the response of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors
smooth muscle contraction
39
what is the response of alpha 2 adrenergic receptors
inactivates noepinephrine and insulin release
40
what is the response of beta adrenergic receptors
heart lung and energy regulation | gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, increase heart rate, bronchodilation
41
descibe two methods of noepinephrine uptake
1. MAO converts to metabolites | 2. COMT converts to metabolites
42
what is the rate limiting step in the synthesis of noepinephrine
hydroxylation of tyrosine
43
what are 5 sites to alter the activity of a neurotransmitter
``` synthesis storage release receptor degradation ```
44
ANS effect on lacrimal glands
para- stimulates tears
45
ANS effect on salivary glands
sym- thick viscous secretion | para- watery
46
ANS effect on heart
sym- increased rate and contractility | para- decreased rate and contractility
47
ANs effet on gastrointestinal
sym: decrease motility and tone para: increase ''
48
ANS effect on female genitalia
sym:relaxation of uterus
49
ANS effect on skeletal blood vessels
sym: dilation
50
ANS effect on skin blood vessels
sym: constrict
51
ANS effect on male genitalia
sym: stimulates ejaculation para: stimulates erection
52
ANS effect on bladder
sym: relax detrusor, contract sphincter para: cotnract detrusor, relax sphincter
53
ANS effect on kidney
sym: secretion of renin
54
ANS effect on trachea and bronchioles
sym: dilates para: constricts
55
ANS effect on the eye
sym: contract iris radial muscle, dilate para: contract iris sphincter and ciliary muscles, contract
56
what are the 2 cholinergic receptors
nicotinic and muscarinic
57
describe signal transduction in muscarinic receptor M1,3,5
activates phospholipase C then active protein kinase C and increase calcium
58
describe the receptor and signal transduction in muscarinic receptors M2,4
inactivates adenylate cyclase decreases camp and camp dependent protein kinase activity activates potassium channels
59
what is the response from M1,3,5 receptors
excitation
60
response from M2,4 receptors
inhibition
61
what are the two components of acetylcholine
from choline and acetylcoA
62
describe degradation of acetylcholine
rapidly hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase in synaptic cleft
63
give an example of opposite effects at the same site
SA node NE beta increases heart rate ach M decreases heart rate
64
give an example of opposite effects at different site
pupil NE alpha dilates ach M constricts
65
give example of sym nerves acting on para nerve endings
NE alpha decreases Ach releases in intestinal wall
66
give an example of complementary effects
male genital para- erection sym- ejaculation
67
give an example of an organ that receives one system
ciliary eye muscles - Ach | arterioles of most organs- NE
68
what formula determines blood pressure
BP= CO x TPR
69
what is the baroreceptor reflex
specialized areas in carotid sinus/aortic arch sensitive to stretch detect changes in BP and sends messages to brain cardiovascular center
70
how is high blood pressure corrected
decrease sym, increase para
71
how is low blood pressure corrected
increase sym, | decrease para

Pharmacology 2100 (13 decks)

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