Syllabus cAD Flashcards
increased incidence in CAD:
beagle, bichon frise, boxer, bulldog, bull mastiff, great Dane, Labrador retriever, pug, shar-pei, Staffordshire terrier and West Highland white terrier (WHWT)]
new def
hereditary, gener- ally pruritic and predominantly T-cell-driven inflamma- tory skin disease,
involving an interplay between skin
barrier abnormalities, allergen sensitisation and mi- crobial dysbiosis
5 breeds predisposed world- wide
boxer, bulldog, Labrador retriever, pug and WHWT
AD sensu stricto
- positive intradermal test and/or serological confirmation of allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E
atopic-like dermatitis
clinical diagnosis of AD, negative intradermal test and negative serological results
Genes associated with AD
- fillagrin- LR
- PROM 1 (prominin 1) -GR
- RAB3C (ras-related protein Rab-3c)-GR
- high IgE -chromsome 5 (LR),35 (WHWT)
+GSD-PKP2 (but it was latter disputed) - chromosome 3 (CFA), F2R (thrombin receptor/member of PAR familiy)- WHWT
- WHWT-CFA17 with a candidate gene PTPN22
- SNPs in IL-4R and IL-13-
IL-4R Cys 688 variant reduces the risk of AD in dachshund
PTPN22- for what is it used
protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22
-involved in the negative regulation of both the innate and adaptive (via downregulation both B- and T-cell receptor signalling) immune response
how are miRNA inflencing allergies
-influence the cells of the innate and adaptive immune system including the keratinocytes, thereby potentially affecting the course of the disease.
-biomarker
studies on miRNA genes
- incerased PDE4D in PBMC
- decrease of PIAS1, RORA and SH2B1
protective factors in human AD
-growing up in a rural environment
-contact with farm animals (“farming effect”)
- a diet rich in dietary fibre
-high food diversity
-early contact with siblings or peers
Protective factors for AD in dogs
-living with another dog
-been born in the current owner’s household
-living in a detached house (compared to an apartmen
-nonprocessed meat-based diet early in life
-living with another dog
-walking in wood, fields, beaches
Risk facors in dogs
-dogs living in extremely clean households
-urban environment
-receiving flea control
-being allowed on furniture
Does the exposure to endotoxins and microbial proteases has a protective effect for AD
-no stat significance
synthetic triacylated lipopeptide (TLR1/2 ligand) cell-wall component of Staphylococcus spp. induces what
TSLP via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) activation in a canine keratinocyte cell line
-contriubutes to Th2 response ?
do dogs with non food-induced AD have a risk for sensitization to M. pachydermatis
-yes
-11/15 dogs
Does the T. canis has a protecive role in AD
YES
-infected dogs higher levels of T. canis spec IgG, IgE, D.faine IgE and total IgE and LOWER LESIONAL SCORES and SHORTER DURATION of pruritus
Which protease groups of HDM promote allergic sensitisation
- cysteine (group 1 mite allergens)
- serine ( group3, 6,9 allergens)
What is thought the moa for serine proteases in AD
-D.farinae-derived serine can upregulate IL-33 mRNA expression via protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) activation
Group 2 and 7 mite allergens are speculated to play a role in what
TLR interactions
Dermatophagoides genus is the most common allergen in dogs (h). what is positivity rate
-60-90%
≤63% of clinically healthy dogs can show positive IDT reactions to HDM, while ASIS can be positive in ≤97% of cases.
How common are other dust and storage mite allergies
Tyrophagus putrescentiae (36%–80%)
Acarus siro (18%–80%)
(≥45%) co-sensitised to house dust and storage mites
-parallel exposure and sensitization, in vitro cross reactivity
Most common plant based allergens
Japan-Japanese cedar
+Bermuda rye, fescue
-South Korea-ash, sage, Johnson grass, plantain, oak, white ash, seeps sorrrel, mugwort, Bermuda grass
-pollen reacivity is increased during summer and autumn!
What are miRNAs?
short, single-stranded RNA molecules, of about 22 nu- cleotides in length, that play a role in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level
Do molds play a role in sensitization of AD dog
-Rhizopus and mold mix- 2nd most common after HDM
+ in one study it was + 67% patients
-ASIS-44.8 % for Pullalaria and 39.6% Alternaria
-Aspergillus in 39.6%
-variable results depending on geographical and climatic factors