Nutritional Flashcards
Causes of fatty acid deficiency
- Poorly preserved commercial food, HMD
- Inadequate antioxidants
- Reducing commercial diets
- Malabsorption, pancreatic disease, chronic liver disease
Clinical signs of fatty acid deficiency
- initially seborrhea sicca;
-later seborrhea oleosa
Treatment of fatty acid deficiency
- Correction of diet or fatty acid supplements
- Topical fatty acids
- Antiseborrheic shampoos
Causes of feline pansteatitis
-HMD based on fish;
-HMD based on pig brains (2 cats with subclinical pansteatitis)
What are systemic and cutaneous signs with feline pansteatitis
Systemic signs: anorexia, lethargy, irritable
Skin lesions: lumps, pain, generalized hyperesthesia
How can a dg of pansteatitis be made
- clinical,
- histopathology,
- plasma tocopherol (<300μg/100ml),
- RBC cell membrane stability test
What is the treatment for pansteatitis
vitamin E + glucocorticoids
Rifoblavin deficinency B2
1) seborrhea sicca,
2) erythema
Niacin deficiency (B3 or PP):
Causes: low protein + high corn
Signs: pellagra (mucus membrane ulceration), pruritic dermatitis
Causes of biotin deficiency (B7 or B8 or H):
Causes:
1) uncooked eggs (avidin),
2) oral antibiotics
Signs of biotin deficiency(B7 or B8 or H):
1) perioccular alopecia,
2) scales,
3) milliary dermatitis (C),
4) hoof changes - abnormal periople, cracks, loss of pliability
What is usual age of onset for ZRD
a) Artic breeds: 3 years;
b) Boston terrier: 3.5 months
Syndrome I Zn responsive dermatitis is seen in wich breeds
Husky, Malamute, Samoyed; GSD, Bull terrier, Pharaoh hound, Boston terrier, flat coated Retriever, Grate Dane, Rhodesian ridgeback, French bulldog
What are causes of ZRD
1) abnormal absorption (Malamute),
2) hypothyroidism (Husky),
3) high Ca, cereal (phytase), Fe (water),
4) enteritis
What are clinical pecularities in ZRD
-pruritus (when it involves normal skin it may precede relapses);
-stiff legs (due to hardened crusts); -onychomalakia
What is different in draft goats in ZRD
-involvement of hooves and horns; mainly orthokeratosis
In bovine and caprine ZRD happens due to what cause
-True deficiency -low Zn in food,
-Fe-Ca-phytases-other chelating agents in food or water,
-genetic abnormalities in Zn absorption
-skin lesions + systemic signs (anorexia, depression, stiff joints, diarrhea) + multiple animals
Treatment for ZRD
-Oral Zn: sulfate, gluconate, methionine (if no response in 1-1.5 month: dose increase by 50%)
-Antiseborrheic shampoos
- If no response:
1) Zn sulfate IV,
2) glucocorticoids (low dose-increased absorption of oral Zn), 3) fatty acids,
4) ovariohysterectomy
What is the distribution of generic dog food dermatosis
bridge of the nose, mucocutaneous, pressure points, distal extremities
omega 6 - LINOLEIC acid why is important
-modulates the conformation of lipid barriers
-component of CERAMIDE 1- decreased in human and canine AD
-important in organization of lipid lamellae
omega 3- DHA, EPA why are they important
modulate eicosanoid synthesis
=DECREASE PRO-INFLAMMATORY and INCERASE ANTIINFLAMMATORY EICOSANOIDS
-down-regulate pro-inflammatory eicosanoid production, inhibiting inflammatory cell activation and cytokine secretion , restoring perturbations in lipid metabolism, normalizing stratum corneun
Describe PUFAs functions
Linoleic acidà component of epidermal ceramides (epidermal barrier)
Arachidonic acidà metabolized to prostaglandines (epidermal proliferation), leucotriens
Ω3à nervous system, retina
Ω3/ω6: compete for
- incorporation in cell membranes,
- metabolism by cycloxygenase, lipoxygenase enzymes
- Eicosanoids (prostaglandines, leucotriens, thromboxanes)
Those produced by ω3 are less inflammatory
Name 4 nutritional factors that influence proper differentiation and maintenance of the epidermis:
- amino acids
- vitamins A or B
- zinc and cooper
fatty acids
Give 2 aggravating factors in horses anhidrosis (other than hot température and high humidity)
Exercice and diet (high protein or energy)