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MS > Nutritional > Flashcards

Nutritional Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of fatty acid deficiency

A
  1. Poorly preserved commercial food, HMD
  2. Inadequate antioxidants
  3. Reducing commercial diets
  4. Malabsorption, pancreatic disease, chronic liver disease
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2
Q

Clinical signs of fatty acid deficiency

A
  • initially seborrhea sicca;
    -later seborrhea oleosa
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3
Q

Treatment of fatty acid deficiency

A
  1. Correction of diet or fatty acid supplements
  2. Topical fatty acids
  3. Antiseborrheic shampoos
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4
Q

Causes of feline pansteatitis

A

-HMD based on fish;
-HMD based on pig brains (2 cats with subclinical pansteatitis)

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5
Q

What are systemic and cutaneous signs with feline pansteatitis

A

Systemic signs: anorexia, lethargy, irritable

Skin lesions: lumps, pain, generalized hyperesthesia

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6
Q

How can a dg of pansteatitis be made

A
  1. clinical,
  2. histopathology,
  3. plasma tocopherol (<300μg/100ml),
  4. RBC cell membrane stability test
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7
Q

What is the treatment for pansteatitis

A

vitamin E + glucocorticoids

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8
Q

Rifoblavin deficinency B2

A

1) seborrhea sicca,
2) erythema

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9
Q

Niacin deficiency (B3 or PP):

A

Causes: low protein + high corn

Signs: pellagra (mucus membrane ulceration), pruritic dermatitis

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10
Q

Causes of biotin deficiency (B7 or B8 or H):

A

Causes:
1) uncooked eggs (avidin),
2) oral antibiotics

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11
Q

Signs of biotin deficiency(B7 or B8 or H):

A

1) perioccular alopecia,
2) scales,
3) milliary dermatitis (C),
4) hoof changes - abnormal periople, cracks, loss of pliability

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12
Q

What is usual age of onset for ZRD

A

a) Artic breeds: 3 years;
b) Boston terrier: 3.5 months

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12
Q

Syndrome I Zn responsive dermatitis is seen in wich breeds

A

Husky, Malamute, Samoyed; GSD, Bull terrier, Pharaoh hound, Boston terrier, flat coated Retriever, Grate Dane, Rhodesian ridgeback, French bulldog

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13
Q

What are causes of ZRD

A

1) abnormal absorption (Malamute),
2) hypothyroidism (Husky),
3) high Ca, cereal (phytase), Fe (water),
4) enteritis

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14
Q

What are clinical pecularities in ZRD

A

-pruritus (when it involves normal skin it may precede relapses);
-stiff legs (due to hardened crusts); -onychomalakia

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15
Q

What is different in draft goats in ZRD

A

-involvement of hooves and horns; mainly orthokeratosis

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16
Q

In bovine and caprine ZRD happens due to what cause

A

-True deficiency -low Zn in food,
-Fe-Ca-phytases-other chelating agents in food or water,
-genetic abnormalities in Zn absorption

-skin lesions + systemic signs (anorexia, depression, stiff joints, diarrhea) + multiple animals

17
Q

Treatment for ZRD

A

-Oral Zn: sulfate, gluconate, methionine (if no response in 1-1.5 month: dose increase by 50%)

-Antiseborrheic shampoos
- If no response:
1) Zn sulfate IV,
2) glucocorticoids (low dose-increased absorption of oral Zn), 3) fatty acids,
4) ovariohysterectomy

18
Q

What is the distribution of generic dog food dermatosis

A

bridge of the nose, mucocutaneous, pressure points, distal extremities

19
Q

omega 6 - LINOLEIC acid why is important

A

-modulates the conformation of lipid barriers
-component of CERAMIDE 1- decreased in human and canine AD
-important in organization of lipid lamellae

20
Q

omega 3- DHA, EPA why are they important

A

modulate eicosanoid synthesis
=DECREASE PRO-INFLAMMATORY and INCERASE ANTIINFLAMMATORY EICOSANOIDS

-down-regulate pro-inflammatory eicosanoid production, inhibiting inflammatory cell activation and cytokine secretion , restoring perturbations in lipid metabolism, normalizing stratum corneun

21
Q

Describe PUFAs functions

A

Linoleic acidà component of epidermal ceramides (epidermal barrier)
Arachidonic acidà metabolized to prostaglandines (epidermal proliferation), leucotriens
Ω3à nervous system, retina
Ω3/ω6: compete for

  • incorporation in cell membranes,
  • metabolism by cycloxygenase, lipoxygenase enzymes
  • Eicosanoids (prostaglandines, leucotriens, thromboxanes)
    Those produced by ω3 are less inflammatory
22
Q

Name 4 nutritional factors that influence proper differentiation and maintenance of the epidermis:

A
  • amino acids
  • vitamins A or B
  • zinc and cooper

fatty acids

23
Q

Give 2 aggravating factors in horses anhidrosis (other than hot température and high humidity)

A

Exercice and diet (high protein or energy)

24
Q

Give the cause for biotin deficiency in ferrets and give the clinical signs

A

Raw eggs in diet
Bilaterally symmetric alopecia

25
Q

Hair is composed of __% protein with high percentage of amino acids that contain

A

95 Sulfur

26
Q

Normal hair growth and skin keratinization require __% to ___% of the daily protein

A

20 - 30

27
Q

With what clinical signs methionine deficiency was associated in kittens ?

A

Crusted and erosive lesions at the lip comissure and footpads.

28
Q

Give skin lesions associated with lysine deficiency in kittens

A

Dark adherent crusted lesions near chin, nasal planum and philtrum

29
Q

Name 2 diseases characterized by laminar epidermal edema and degeneration, in addition to parakeratosis.

A
  • SND
  • Generic dog food dermatosis
    ** Zinc-responsive dermatosis is differentiated from SND by the lack of laminar epidermal edema and degeneration;
30
Q

Guinea pigs have an absolute dietary requirement for vitamin C of …… mg/kg per day, rising to …….mg/kg per day in pregnancy. Treatment for hypovitaminosis C involves correcting the diet and giving additional supplementation of
………………../kg per day until clinical signs resolve

A

10
30
50–100 mg

31
Q

In chinchillas, deficiencies in ……….., …………….. and …………may lead to the yellow fat / yellow ears syndrome.

A

choline methionine vit. E

32
Q

Give the skin localization of vitamine D receptor expression

A

stratum basale, hair bulb, ORS, hair shaft

33
Q

Give 4 imunological roles for 25-hydroxyvitamine D in the skin (active form of viamin D)

A
  • induce cathelicidin expresssion by keratinocytes
  • decreases T-lymphocyte skin homing
  • inhibits T-cell (Th1, Th17) prolifertion and cytokine production
  • stimulate Treg and IL10 prodution
34
Q

Give the main role of vitamin D for the skin

A
  • calcium homeostasis
  • regulation of keratinocyte proliferation and differenciation
35
Q

One major function of the skin is the vitamin D production. The following sentences are true or false?

A. As a lipid-soluble molecule, vitamin D3 can be taken up by adipocytes and stored in subcutaneous or omental fat for later use

B. 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D increases the expression of involucrin, transglutaminase, loricrin, and filaggrin and increases keratinocyte cornified envelope formation while inhibiting proliferation

1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3 regulates the expression of cathelicidin (LL-37/hCAP18) an antimicrobial protein that appears to mediate innate immunity in skin by promoting wound healing and tissue repair.

A

ALL TRUE

36
Q

Describe the pathogenesis seen in secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism in reptiles

A

Multifactorial: severe imbalance of the Ca:P ration in the diet, no access to a full spectrum (ultraviolet B) light source, and a lack of activated vitaminD3; other inappropriate husbandry-related factors
Seen more commonly in lizards and chelonians abnormal bones and shells and chronic abscesses especially around jaw
Diagnosis: History, clinical signs, radiographs, serum phosphorus, ionized calcium levels

37
Q

How is vitamine E levels modified in serum and skin of atopic dos VS normal dogs ?

A
  • Decreased levels of vitamine E in serum of atopic dogs
  • No significant difference in skin levels (but median concntration of vitamine E higher in atopic dogs)
    –> impaired vitamine E homeostasis in atopic dogs
38
Q

Name reactive oxygen species

A
  1. Hydroxyl radical
  2. Hydrogen peroxide
  3. Superoxide
39
Q

Name reactive oxygen species

A
  1. Hydroxyl radical
  2. Hydrogen peroxide
  3. Superoxide

MS (20 decks)

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