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Keratinization disorders MS Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of seborrhoea

A
  1. Idiopathic (cocker, “cradle cup”, H-main/tail)
  2. Inflammation: vigorous grooming, bact folliculitis, dermatophilosis, dermatophytosis, demodicosis, cheyleetiellosis, lice, Oncocerca, allergies, PF, SLE, drug eruption, Degenerative mucinotic MF, ly MF, concatc dermatitis, sarcoidosis, MEEDS, ETCL
  3. Endocrine: hypoT, HAC, DM, HyperT
  4. Nutritional: inadequate, non balanced food, malabsorption, maldigestion, endoparasites, ch catabolic states (H)
  5. Environmental factors (incerased TEWL): low environmnetal humidity, excessive bathing
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2
Q

DDX for follicular casts

A
  1. HAC
  2. SA
  3. hypoA
  4. hyperA
  5. demodicosis
  6. follicular dysplasia
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3
Q

Classification of nasodigital hyperkeratosis

A
  1. Congential- hereditary
  2. Idiopathic
  3. Due to abnormal anatomy
  4. Secondary
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4
Q

What are presumed causes of idiopathic nasodigital hyperkeratosis

A

senile changes
+ nasolacrimal duct blockage
+ parasympathetic dysfunction (XEROMYCTERIA)

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5
Q

Name 2nd reasons for nasodigital hyperkeratosis

A

1) congenital-hereditary disorders of keratinization
2) distemper, papillomavirus (pads)
3) leishmaniosis
4) PF, PE (nasal), drug eruption, DLE (nasal), SLE
5) Zn-responsive, generic dog food
6) MEN
7) cutaneous lymphoma

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6
Q

What are the proposed treatment for nasodigital hyperkeratosis

A
  1. Removal of excess keratin (scissors, blade)
  2. Hydration (water soaks) + keratolytics (petroleum jell, ichthammol oint, propylene glycol, salicylic acid + sodium lactate + urea, tretinoin); Dermoscent Bio Balm (plant oils, allantoin, cetyl palmitate) SID x 2 months was partially effective
  3. Systemic retinoids (if topical treatment is not possible)
  4. Fissures: topical antibiotics + glucocorticoids
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7
Q

What are causes of feline acne?

A
  1. Poor grooming habits
  2. Follicular keratinization disorder: seborrheic predisposition, abnormal sebum
  3. Hair cycle influences
  4. Stress
  5. Bacterial: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pasteurella etc.
  6. Viral: calicivirus
  7. Fungal: Malassezia
  8. Immunosuppression
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8
Q

what topical treatments are recommended for feline acne?

A
  1. Cleansing: alcohol, human acne cleaning pads, Listerine, veterinary wet wipes, antiseborrheic shampoo (sulphur-salicylic acid, ethyl lactate, benzoyl peroxide)
  2. Magnesium sulphate: for draining lesions
  3. Tretinoin or vitamin A 0.05%
  4. Antibacterials: mupirocin, clindamycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, metronidazole
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9
Q

What are systemic treatemnt for feline acne?

A
  1. Antibiotics: amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone
  2. Fatty acids: for recurrent cases
  3. Prednisolone: in severe inflammation
  4. Isotretinoin: not tolerance or ineffectiveness of topical treatment
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10
Q

What are predisposong factor for canine ear margin seborrhea

A

-sleeping next to a forced air duct, wood stove or other dry heat sources

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11
Q

DDX for ear margin seborrhoea

A
  1. Vasculitis: when heavy crusting, fissures and lesions away from ear margins
  2. Hypothyroidism
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12
Q

Th for ear margin seborrhea

A
  1. Topical shampoo (sulphur-salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide + sulphur) followed by moisturizer
  2. Topical glucocorticoid/ Systemic glucocorticoid
  3. Surgery (extensive fissures)

Other treatments:
1) pentoxyfylline (response in 1-3 months),
2) fatty acids, vitamin A, zinc (response in 1-2 months)
3) vitamin E, tetracycline, doxycycline, niacinamide

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13
Q

What are the causes of tail gland hyperplasia

A
  1. Seborrheic: primary or secondary
  2. Hyperadrogenism: absolute or relative
  3. Adrenal tumour/disorder: castrated-males, females
  4. Hypothyroidism
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14
Q

What are the causes of exfoliative dermatoses

A
  1. Bacterial folliculitis
  2. Dermatophytosis, Malassezia
  3. Demodicosis, cheyletiellosis, scabies
  4. FeLV, FIV, leishmaniosis
  5. PF, SLE, drug eruption, physiologic response to drugs, EM, TEN
  6. Ichthyosis
  7. Contact dermatitis
  8. Causes of cutaneous flushing (mast cell tumour, systemic mastocytosis, pheochromocytoma, carcinoid syndrome, thallium toxicosis)
  9. Parapsoriasis, thymoma
  10. Epitheliotropic lymphoma
  11. Idiopathic ( like in cats without thymoma)
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15
Q

Physiologic response to drugs and exfoliation

A
  1. Drugs used to treat surface or superficial follicular disorders: exfoliation due to involution of the underlying skin disease
  2. Cytotoxic agents: exfoliation after treatment termination
  3. Hormones: exfoliation 1) after termination of chronic moderate-high dose glucocorticoids or during medical treatment of HAC; 2) first few weeks of T4
  4. Retinoic acids
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