Fungal Flashcards
Why most antifungal drugs are not efficient against phytium insidiosum
Doesn’t have ergosterol in the cell membrane which is the main target of antifungal drugs
Cellulose in the wall which is difficult for the drugs to penetrate
Is there any other antifungal drug that could have potential application for oomycetes?
Caspofungin is a newly approved drug that targets B-glucan, which is present in the oomycete wall, and thus has the potential of being a successful treatment. Unfortunately, it is extremely expensive.
Case of White nose syndrome (WNS) in bats
Pseudogymnoascus destructans
YELLOW FUNGUS DISEASE- cause
CHRYSOSPORIUM ANAMORPH OF NANNIZZIOPSIS VRIESSI
What are the sizes of fungi and where are they located
Blastomyces
8-15 um
with thick wall and
broad-based buds
Blastomyces dermatitidis
There is one spherule with thick and refractile cell wall. The endospores contained within are ill defined. The inflammatory reaction is composed by epithelioid macrophages and lymphocytes; the proliferation of fibrous connective tissue is prominent
coccidioidomycosis
C. immitis,
C. posadasii
C. neoformans: var grubii (serotype A); var neoformans (serotype D),
C. gatii (serotypes B, C)
C. neoformans
May not make pyogranulomas
Foamy appearance-fungus and foamy macrophages-soap bubbles-acellular
H. capsulatum (D, C);
H. capsulatum var farciminosum (D-Japan),
H. farciminosum (H)
Prototheca zopfii
Prototheca wickerhamii
Skin section of donkey with sporotrichosis. Sporothrix schenckii visualized by (a) polyclonal anti-Mycobacterium bovis antibody stain (BCG), with AEC as chromogen (arrow) and (b) Gomori’s methenamine silver stain (GMS
S Schenckii
S Schenckii
Wich fungi
Microsporum canis
→ spindle-shaped macroconidia
→ thick echinulate walls: more pronounced terminal forms knob ≥ 6 cells
→ One-cell microconidia may be seen.
→ develop best rice agar, poor Sabouraud
Wich fungi
Microsporum gypseum
→ fluorescence rare, if present dull
→ arthrospores on hair shafts larger vs M.C.
→ Echinulate ellipsoid macroconidia lack terminal knob ≤ 6 cells, relatively thin walls
→ One-cell microconidia may be seen.
Wich fungi
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
→ No fluorescence
→ zoophilic: globose microconidia singly or grapelike clusters
→ Macroconidia cigar shaped, thin, smooth walls
→ Some sspiral hyphae
Name the disease
histopathology, special stain PAS: Eosinophilic-staining yeast and pseudohyphae within crust easily visible
C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei
In wich species and wich fungus
Regional alopecia and dermatitis due to Lodderomyces elongisporus in a North American porcupine
Wich disease and agent
-Piedraia hortae (black piedra) -Trichosporon beigelii (white piedra)
Describe and wich disease
Chromoblastomycosis
= copper-coloured spherical yeast called Medlar bodies (sclerotic bodies) in tissues
Name the disease
Chromoblastomycosis
?
Phaeohyphomycosis
-blue green fungal melanin in hyphae that are septet, swollen, and turuloid (beaded), appearing as chains of round to oval yeast like cells
?
Rhinosporidium seeberi
Several sporangia (300um) with endospores
?
-negatively staining hyphae (arrows) surrounded by a small amount of eosinophilic Splendore-Hoeppli material and larhe number of eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages
Phythium insidiosum
?
=fungal hyphae GMS positive
?
broad hyphae with rare septa and rare short branching. GMS
Phythium insidiosum
?
-pyogranulomatous and eosinophilic inflammation with rare hyphae. HE
Phythium insidiosum
?
shows a single sporangium of Lagenidium sp. from Panel a. Note ribbon type hyphae as well of the size of biflagellate zoospores inside sporangium
L Giganteum, Ajelloi, Albertoi, Vilelae
?
sporotrichosis
?
sporotrichosis
?
M. canis
→ white cottony to woolly.
→ Old: more powdery, central depressed, radial folds.
→ Under: yellow-orange, orange-brown (old).
→ potato dextrose: lemon yellow.
?
M. canis
→ white cottony to woolly.
→ Old: more powdery, central depressed, radial folds.
→ Under: yellow-orange, orange-brown (old).
→ potato dextrose: lemon yellow.
?
M. gypsum
→ rapid growing
→ flat to granular, buff to cinnamon
→ undersurface pale yellow to tan
?
Epidermophyton floccosum
No microconidia
?
T. mentagrophytes
→ flat white to cream powdery
→ anthropophilic (TR, TT) white cottony
→ undersurface brown to tan, dark red
→ potato dextrose TM no dark red pigment like TR
?
T. verrucosum
?
T. verrucosum
→ button-shaped
→ rat tail or bean shaped macroconidia
→ Pyryform microconidia
?
T. erinacei
→ brilliant lemon yellow reverse
?
T. equinum
?
T. rubrum
→ white center, red or yellow periphery
→ Under: red
?
T. rubrum
→ white center, red or yellow periphery
→ Under: red
?
MC var equinum → Reverse: salmon
?
M. persicolor
→ flat, white-pinkish, granular, peripheral fringe
→ Reverse orange to red
→ Macroconidia thin-wall, cigar-shaped, rare produced.
→ Microconidia abundant, spherical to pyriform.
?
Nannizzia nana (M Nanum).
(C)Reddish discoloration DTM
?
Nannizzia nana (M Nanum). lactophenol blue
What are 3 hallmarsk of mycetoma
- tumefaction of the inviolved tissues
- appearance of micro-collonies or tissue grains/granules- is where the organism is present!!!
- formation of draining tracts/sinus
What are the types of mycetoma
- EUMYCOTIC - caused by fungi
a) dematiaceous fungi- black grained mycetomas
b) non-pigmented fungi- white grained mycetoma - ACTINOMYCOTIC -Actinomyces, Nocardia (bacteria)
- PSEUDOMYCETOMA- have differenced in granule formations
-caused by
a) dermatophytes- DERMATOPHTYIC PSEUDOMYCETOMA
b) bacteria- Staphylococcus - BACTERIAL PSEUDOMYCETOMA or BOTRYOMYCOSIS
