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ANSC 107 > Swine Industry and Poultry Industry > Flashcards

Swine Industry and Poultry Industry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order of the swine producers ?

A

Seedstock producers, Commercial producers, Corporate production units

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2
Q

Production____ influence breed _____.

A

goals, utlization

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3
Q

What are seedstock producers?

A
  • Traditional purebred breeders
  • Provide foundation offspring for others
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4
Q

What are commercial producers?

A
  • Many use purebreds, but for cross-breeding purposes
  • Generally all crossbred animals
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5
Q

What are corporate production units?

A
  • programs that maintain animals from conception to consumers
  • Generate their own sire and dam lines from composite breeding ( typically confidential information)
  • Value-specific economic traits
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6
Q

What are the key economic traits in the swine industry?

A
  • Reproduction
  • Growth rate
  • feed efficiency
  • Carcass triats
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7
Q

Why is reproduction a key economic trait in the swine industry?

A
  • Swine have a short generation interval due to the short gestation length of 116 days ( 3 months,3 weeks, 3 days)
  • Litter bearing ( NBA= number of offspring born alive)
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8
Q

Growth rate in swine is days to _____ lbs

A

280

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9
Q

In swine carcass what areas do we look at?

A
  • Loin eye area( LEA)
  • Back fat( BF)
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10
Q

What are indoor advantages in the swine industry?

A
  • Biosecurity
  • Stocking density
  • Temp control
  • Sunblock
  • Manure management
  • air filtration
  • protection from predators
  • water quality
  • Parasite control
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11
Q

What are the outdoor advantages of the swine industry?

A
  • Air quality
  • barn cost
  • aesthetic
  • niche marketing opportunities
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12
Q

Why is biosecurity important in the swine industry?

A
  • keep diseases off the farm
  • prevent disease spread within a farm
  • prevent disease spread onto other farms
  • prevent pathogen contamination of the food chain
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13
Q

What is the order of the swine industry?

A

boar stud, gestation, farrowing, nursery, feeder/finisher

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14
Q

What is the order of most biosecurity to least in the swine industry?

A

Boar stud, breeding , nursery, grow-finish

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15
Q

What happens in the boar stud stage?

A
  • individual boar housing
  • collection pens with dummy
  • semen analysis lab
  • extremely high biosecurity
  • located far from other pigs
  • separate quartine/ isolation facility
  • no visitors
  • water purification and air filtration
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16
Q

What happens in the breeding stage?

A

Gestation Barn:
- house sows from weaning to 110 to 112 of gestation
- a place to heat check and breed sows
- sow thermal comfort
Farrowing barn:
- House sows in farrowing crates
- provide the sows comfort and the baby pigs safety
- emphasize worker safety and comfort

17
Q

What is the average estrous cycle of a sow?

A

21 days
- range from 8-24 days

18
Q

What is the average estrus period of a sow?

A

15 to 96 hours
- average duration is 40 to 46 hours

19
Q

What happens 1 to 3 days post parturition in sows?

A

infertile estrus

20
Q

What causes infertile estrus?

A

Caused by estrogen from some source other than the ovary

21
Q

How many ova are shed during a sow’s estrus

A

10 to 25
- average of 16

22
Q

How long does the 1st estrus post-weaning happen to sows?

A

65 hours
- 7 to 9 days post weaning

23
Q

What happens in the Nursery stage in the swine industry?

A
  • High biosecurity
  • thermal comfort
    -comfortable flooring ( heated zones)
  • weaned pig feeders to aid feeder
24
Q

What is the entry age and weight for the nursery stage?

A

15lbs and 21 days

25
Q

What is the exit age and weight for the nursery stage?

A

50 lbs and 70 days

26
Q

What happens in the finishing stage in the swine industry

A
  • comparatively the least biosecurity
  • natural or mechanical ventilation
  • feed and water access
  • stocking density and pig space
27
Q

What is the entry age and weight for the finishing stage?

A

50lbs and 70 days

28
Q

What is the exit age and weight for the finishing stage?

A

280lbs and 180 days

29
Q

What is the wean to finish in the swine industry?

A

Skips the nursery phase- weaned straight into the finishing pen

30
Q

What is the entry age and weight to the wean to finish?

A

12lbs and 21 days

31
Q

What is the exit age and weight to the wean to finish?

A

280lbs and 180 days

32
Q

What are some advantages of the wean-to-finish method?

A
  • less pig movement = less stress
  • improved lifetime ADG and F:G
33
Q

What are some disadvantages of the wean-to-finish method?

A
  • disease control
  • ” sustainability” of finishing barn environment for weaned pigs
34
Q

What are the characteristics of the poultry industry?

A

vertical integration
components of the industry:
- producers
- processors
- marketing specialist

35
Q

When do poultry reach sexual maturity?

A

18 weeks

36
Q

How many days does it take to hatch chicks and turkeys

A
  • 21 days- chicks
  • 28 days - turkey poltury
37
Q

How often does poultry produce an egg?

A

Every 28 hours

38
Q

Roosters _____ need to be present for hens to lay eggs

A

do not

ANSC 107 (9 decks)

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