Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANSC 107 > Environmental Physiology > Flashcards

Environmental Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Adaptation

A

Long-term changes in animals in response to their environment that are genetically based

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acclimation

A

The process or result of becoming accustomed to a new climate or to new conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Critical Temperature

A

The temperature below( lower critical temperature) which the animal must make physiological adjustments to maintain its body temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The upper critical temperature

A

The temperature at which the animal makes adjustments to try and cool its body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Effective Temperature

A

The total heating or cooling power of the environment. Ambient temperature is affected by wind, humidity, and solar radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Evaporation

A

Loss of heat through vaporization of moisture from the respiratory tract and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Homeotherm

A

Animals that maintain a relatively constant body temperature regardless of external temperatures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the normal temp for a Horse

A

100 °F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the normal temp for a Cattle?

A

101.5°F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the normal temp for a sheep?

A

102°F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the normal temp for goats?

A

102° F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the normal temp for a swine?

A

102.5° F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the normal temp for a chicken?

A

107° F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Radiation

A

The exchange of heat between two objects that are not touching. Can result in loss or gain of heat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Thermoneutral Zone

A

Range of temperature where heat loss and heat production are about the same. The animal is in its comfort zone- no physiological response to temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the factors affecting critical temperature?

A
  • Haircoat
  • Subcutaneous fat
  • Nutritional level
  • Animal wet or dry?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are hormonal responses to temperature stress?

A
  • Thyroxine
  • Corticoids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Thyroxine

A

Produced by the thyroid gland, thyroxine secretion increases during cold stress and decreases during heat stress

19
Q

Corticoids

A

Produced by the adrenal gland, cortical secretions increased during cold sorters and decreased during heat stress

20
Q

Why are the summer months in the US typically limiting to livestock?

A

Because most of our farm animals are not well adapted to dissipating heat except the Brahman.

21
Q

What are the methods of reducing stress during hot periods include?

A
  • Shade
  • Evapoarative cooling
22
Q

What is the cheapest method to reduce heat stress due to solar radiation?

A

Shade

23
Q

Properly designed shades will reduce radiant heat gain by up to ____%

A

50

24
Q

How are shades set up?

A

Proper shades should be: 10-12’ high, placed on a hill if possible, the top should be white or shiny( reflective) and the underside dull and dark, can be made of a variety of things

25
Q

Which method of cooling is the most effective particularly in swine?

A

Evaporative cooling

26
Q

What is used in the evaporative method?

A

Sprinklers, foggers, and wallows are most effective

27
Q

Which industry uses the evaporative method?

A

The poultry industry( poultry houses)

28
Q

Refrigeration

A
  • refrigerated air conditioning is prohibitive in terms of cost
  • some are pulling air through underground ducts into a barn which may cool the air down into the mid 60s
29
Q

Zone cooling

A

Blowing air onto the head has been effective in sows in farrowing houses that have shown increased milk production

30
Q

When is it important to look at ventilation?

A

Producers who are raising livestock in enclosed, confinement buildings must be particularly conscious of proper air movements

31
Q

What does ventilation do to the environment?

A
  • moisture must be removed from the air along with ammonia
  • proper air exchange is also important for temperature control
32
Q

Wind chill, windbreaks , and shelters

A

Windbreaks and shelters are used north of a line from southern colorado to Ohio to reduce the effects of wind chill. The windbreaks are generally built on the north side of the pen to block the northerly wind.

33
Q

What are ration adjustments during temperature stress?

A
  • Increase in energy required to maintain body temperature result in decreased feed efficiency
  • Feed and water need to change during stress
  • With any species, higher fiber diets contribute to heat stress
  • feed intake is depressed during heat stress
34
Q

How do poultry producers combat the adjustment ratio during temperature stress?

A

To keep production levels high, poultry producers often “ top dress” rations with B vitamins to increase appetite, trace minerals, and high-energy feeds like animal fat

35
Q

Water intake during heavy stress increases ___ - ___%

A

50-100

36
Q

The energy density of the diet can be ____ during periods of ____ ____.

A

increase of temperature stress

37
Q

Heat increment of the diet can be ____ during heat stress by ____ the ___ of the diet.

A

decreased, reducing, fiber

38
Q

Heat increment of the diet can be ____ by feeding more ___ during cold stress.

A

increased, fiber

39
Q

What is associated with reproductive performance in a number of species?

A

Day length

40
Q

What are examples of industries controlling the light to improve efficiency?

A
  • All commercial laying operations control the number of hours of light the hen receives
  • ewes begin to cycle when the days get shorter; mares begin to cycle when the days get longer
41
Q

What are day lengths also associated with?

A

-Hair growth and shedding in cattle and horses

42
Q

What is one of the major problems that livestock producers face today?

A

Animal waste management

43
Q

What industry has lagoon systems?

A
  • confinement swine facilities often have lagoon systems that utilize biological decomposition of the waste that is handled in liquid form
44
Q

Why can manure be beneficial?

A

Manure can be an excellent source of income for feedlots that manage cattle and lambs. The Kothmann lamb feedlot in Menard, Tx has a program that utilizes manure.

ANSC 107 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions