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ANSC 107 > Introduction and General Terms > Flashcards

Introduction and General Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of food from the U.S is sent abroad?

A

2%

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2
Q

What do we sell overseas?

A

Meat and grains

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3
Q

What are basic human needs?

A

Food, shelter, clothing, fuel, emotional well being

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4
Q

Animal products provide ___% of calories and ___% of protein in our diets.

A

16 and 35

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5
Q

What percent of per capita income dose US leave for food?

A

12%

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6
Q

___% to ___% of income in India and China are used for food.

A

55 to 65

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7
Q

What are the reason land conservation is good practice in agriculture?

A
  • Sustainable agriculture
    -Utilize forage
    -Control unwanted plants
    -Control wildfires
    -Decreased use of chemical herbicides
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8
Q

How has agriculture changed?

A
  • Size of operations
    -Traceability of product has improved
  • family farms are declining
  • new food-producing sources
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9
Q

What ways has foreign agriculture influenced us?

A
  • Impacts on US prices
  • Differences in production like labor rates, cost of supplies/chemicals, and Us regulations and procedures
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10
Q

What affects the cost of chemicals and supplies?

A

Availability

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11
Q

Increased size of operations=_____?

A

Decreased cost of production

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12
Q

U.S wants _____ food prices.

A

Cheap

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13
Q

What are examples of genetic improvements that can be made in livestock and crop production?

A

-Selection of superior animals and varieties
- embryo transfers, splitting, and cloning
- semen sexing

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14
Q

Changes in ___ and ____ are examples of what the future holds for agriculture?

A

Production and management

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15
Q

Improvements in genetic helps the traceability of animal become ____.

A

Nationwide

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16
Q

What does the future hold for agriculture?

A
  • irradiation of food
  • gene mapping
    -cloning
  • genetically modified organisms
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17
Q

How can gene mapping help ?

A
  • identifying good and bad traits
  • Identifying superior products
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18
Q

How can cloning animals help?

A

Create disease resistant animals

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19
Q

How can genetically modifying organisms help?

A
  • Drought and freeze resistance
  • Pest resistance
  • Chemical resistance
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20
Q

Where is genetic modification prevalent in ?

A

In crops

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21
Q

What will decrease in the future regarding agriculture?

A
  • Decreased productive land available
  • Decreased interest in agriculture
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22
Q

What will increase in the future regarding agriculture?

A
  • Increased accountability of product
  • Increased government regulation
  • Increased cost of producing products
  • Increased animal welfare concern
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23
Q

How much has milk production increased by in the last 3 years?

A

7,000 million

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24
Q

Where do most food contamination come from?

A
  • You
  • Cross contamination when cooking
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25
Q

Ad Libitum

A

Allowing animals to eat all they want at all times.

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26
Q

Compensatory Growth

A

Increased growth rate in response to previous undernurishment

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27
Q

Calorie

A

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 14.5 degrees C to 15.5 degrees C

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28
Q

Kilocalorie

A

Equivalent to 1,000 calories

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29
Q

Concentrate

A

A feed that is high in energy, low in fiber content, and highly digestible.

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30
Q

T.D.N

A

Total Digestible Nutrients
-Includes the total amounts of digestible protein, nitrogen-free extract, fiber, and fat (x 2.25) all added together.
Approximates energy content

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31
Q

Roughage

A

Feed that is high in fiber, low in digestible nutrients, and low in energy. Feeds such as hay, straw, silage, and pasture are examples.

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32
Q

Feeder

A

Animals which need further feeding prior to slaughter

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33
Q

Fill

A

The contents of the digestive track

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34
Q

Carcass Merit

A

The value of a carcass for consumption

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35
Q

Dark Cutter

A

Color of the lean in the carcass. Has a dark appearance usually caused by stress to the animal prior to slaughter

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36
Q

Contemporary Group

A

Set of animals of same age sex and breed that have been raised under similar environmental and management conditions

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37
Q

Breed

A

Animals having a common origin and characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within a same species

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38
Q

Scurs

A

Small horn-like tissue attached to the skin of polled or de-horned animals

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39
Q

Cull

A

To eliminate feom the breeding population

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40
Q

What are some identification systems used ?

A
  • Branding( hot or freeze)
  • Ear tagging
  • Ear notching
  • Tattoo
  • Microchip
  • Retinal scanning
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41
Q

What records should be kept for beef?

A
  • Birth Date
  • Sire
  • Dam
  • Birth Weight
  • Weaning weight
  • Gain Test Weight
  • Yearling Weight
  • Yearling scrotal weight
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42
Q

Fertility

A

The capicity to initiate, sustain, and support reproduction

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43
Q

Open

A

Refers to non-pregnant females

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44
Q

Haploid

A

Half the normal number of chromosomes. Found in sperm and Ova.

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45
Q

A.I

A

Artificial Insemination

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46
Q

Clone

A

An individual grown from a single somatic cell of its parents and genetically identical to it

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47
Q

Estrus or Heat

A

The period of mating active

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48
Q

Estrus or Heat

A

The period of mating activity in the females

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49
Q

Estrous

A

An adjective meaning “ heat” that modifies such words as “ cycle”. Estrous cycle, or time from one heat period to the next.

50
Q

Estrus Synchronization

A

Controlling the estrous cycle so that a high percentage of the females in the herd express estrus at the same time.

51
Q

The gestation period for equine is ____

A

340 days

52
Q

The gestation period for a Bovine is ___

A

283 days

53
Q

The gestation period for Porcine is ____

A

113 days

54
Q

The gestation period for ovine is ____

A

147 days

55
Q

The gestation period for caprine is____

A

147 days

56
Q

Dystocia

A

Difficult birth

57
Q

Anestrous Period

A

The time when a female is not cycling. She is not experiencing estrus and thereby will not breed .

58
Q

Castration

A

Removing the testicles

59
Q

Spaying

A

The removal of the ovaries from the reproductive tract ( most often done in cats and dogs)

60
Q

Colostrum

A

The first milk given by the female following delivery of her young. Contains high levels of antibodies which are absorbed by the young for quick immunity.

61
Q

Lactation Period

A

Period that female produces milk

62
Q

Dry

A

Refers to a non- lactating female( mare, cow, ewe, sow)

63
Q

Weaning

A

Seperating an offspring animal from its dam( mother)

64
Q

Cattle =

A

Bovine

65
Q

Male of breeding age for bovine is called

A

Bull

66
Q

Mature female Bovine is called

A

Cow

67
Q

An immature female Bovine is called

A

Heifer

68
Q

A newborn bovine is called

A

Calf

69
Q

An unsexed male bovine is called

A

Steer

70
Q

Groups of bovine is called

A

herds

71
Q

The genus for bovine is

A

Bos

72
Q

The act of Parturition for Bovine is called

A

Calving

73
Q

Horse =

A

Equine

74
Q

The male of breeding age for equine is called

A

Stallion

75
Q

The mature female for equine is called

A

Mare

76
Q

A young male in equine is called

A

Colt

77
Q

A young female in equine is called

A

Filly

78
Q

A newborn equine is called

A

Foal

79
Q

The unsexed male in equine is called

A

Gelding

80
Q

Groups of equine is called

A

Herd

81
Q

The genus for equine is

A

Equus

82
Q

The act of parturition for equine is called

A

Foaling

83
Q

Swine =

A

Porcine

84
Q

The male of breeding age for porcine is called

A

Boar

85
Q

The mature female for porcine is called

A

Sow

86
Q

A young female in porcine is called

A

Gilt

87
Q

A newborn in porcine is called

A

Pig

88
Q

A unsexed male in porcine is called

A

Barrow

89
Q

Groups of porcine is called

A

Drove

90
Q

The genus for porcine is

A

Sus

91
Q

The act of parturition for porcine is called

A

Farrowing

92
Q

Goats =

A

Caprine

93
Q

The male of breeding age for caprine is called

A

Billy

94
Q

The mature female for caprine is called

A

Doe

95
Q

A young male caprine is called

A

Billy Kid

96
Q

A young female caprine is called

A

Doe Kid

97
Q

A newborn caprine is called

A

Kid

98
Q

A unsexed male caprine is called

A

Wether

99
Q

A group of caprine is called

A

Band

100
Q

The genus of caprine is

A

Capra

101
Q

The act of parturition for caprine is called

A

Kidding

102
Q

Sheep =

A

Ovine

103
Q

The male breeding age of ovine is called

A

Ram

104
Q

The mature female for ovine is called

A

Ewe

105
Q

A young male ovine is called

A

Ram lamb

106
Q

A young female ovine is called

A

Ewe Lamb

107
Q

A newborn ovine is called

A

Lamb

108
Q

An unsexed male ovine is called

A

Wether

109
Q

A group of ovine is called

A

Flock

110
Q

The genus for ovine is

A

Ovis

111
Q

The act of mating for ovine is called

A

Tupping

112
Q

The act of parturition for ovine is called

A

Lambing

113
Q

Chicken =

A

Gallus

114
Q

The male of breeding age for gallus is called

A

Rooster

115
Q

A mature female gallus is called

A

Hen

116
Q

A young male gallus is called

A

Chick

117
Q

A young female gallus is called

A

Chick

118
Q

A unsexed male gallous is called

A

Capon

119
Q

A group of gallus is called

A

Flock

120
Q

The genus of gallus is

A

Gallus

121
Q

The act of mating for gallus is called

A

Mating

ANSC 107 (9 decks)

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