Breeds of Livestock Flashcards

Question

Limousin

Answer 1

- From France - Originally reddish gold in color with pink nose pigmentation and horns - Black coat with black pigmentation and polled are acceptable within breed standards today - Moderate sized that will finish at < 1200 pounds - Produce extremely lean , muscular carcasses but difficult to grade choice. - Below average maternally, somewhat lacking in milk production

Answer 2

- Braham - Brangus - Santa Gertrudis - Beef master

Answer 3

- From India - The American Brahman is a cross of three Indian breeds - Both red and gray strains of Brahmans exists, both have black pigmentation, horned - Noted for heat tolerance, disease and insect resistance and crossing ability - Poor marbling ability, and slow sexual maturity is offset by their ability to thrive in hot humid environments in Southern US - Brahman composited ( Brangus , Santa Gertudis, Beefmaster, Braford, Simbrah)

Answer 4

- From US -5/8 Angus and 3/8 Brahman, black and naturally polled - Excellent mothering ability, moderate size , early sexual maturing , heat tolerance and forage ability result from the two parent cross - Intermediate in carcass merit between the two parent breeds - Most " widespread" composite breed in the U.S

Answer 5

- From the US - 5/8 shorthorn and 3/8 Brahman, dark red, both polled and horned - Developed on the King Ranch in Kingsville, Tx by founder Robert J Keleberg - Breed traces back to single sir - Noted for maternally ability, productivity under hot, adverse conditions, and overall hardness - camposite breed - Stanta Cruz composite developed at King Ranch ( 50% Santa Gert, 25% Gelbvieh, 25% Red Angus)

Answer 6

- From the US - Developed by Tom Lasater in the 1930's in Falurias Texas - About 50% Brahaman, 25% Shorthorn ,and 25% Hereford, composite breed - No set color pattern - Developed based on the " 6 essentials" -- Noted for longevity, hardiness, rapid growth, and maternal ability

Answer 7

- weight -conformation - fertility - Hardiness - Disposition - Milking ability

Answer 8

- Texas Longhorn - Wagyu

Answer 9

- From Tx but originated from Spain - Long, distinctive horns, many colors including speckled or spotted. - Lived as feral cattle for approximately 300 years from 1550-1850 - Used in 1800's cattle drive ( ie movie called Lonesome Drove) - In 1800's began to improve Longhorns with British bulls ( primarily Shorthorns and Herefords), by the early 1900's the longhorn was diluted nearly to extinction - Restored as a specialty breed prized for horns and hide

Answer 10

- From Japan - The name refers to all Japanese beef cattle - Origin of Asian strains crossed with British and European - Horned with black or red coat color - Prized for marbling and tenderness - Meat has elevated levels of omega -3 and omega -6 fatty acids as well as conjugated linoleic acid - Early maturing, highly fertile, calving ease - In 1975 first 4 bulls were imported into US - Increased imports in the 1990s

Answer 11

- Brown Swiss - Holstein-Friesian - Jersey

Answer 12

- From Switzerland - Large docile breed from the Swiss Alps known for its strength and vigor - Hair is brown in various shades, from light brown with gray or silvery tones to very dark brown -The border of the muzzle is very light and often a light-colored dorsal stripe is seen - Average lactation( 305 days) of 16,135 Lbs of milk

Answer 13

- From the Netherland - Dominant breed of dairy cattle( over 90% of all commercial dairy cattle ) - Black and white color pattern ( red and white do exist), large framed, easygoing nature - unparalleled milk-producing ability( 20,121 lbs of milk average in 305 days ) - The lowest percentage of butterfat is 3.6% and total solids thus milk is not as valuable for cheese, butter,and non-fat dry milk production as is that from colored cows, however the preferred breed for fluids milk production

Answer 14

- From Isle of Jersey - A small, refined animal with a feminine appearance ( big brown eyes) - Vary from light tan to dark fawn with darker shadings around the head and lower legs. Some white patches may be present - Early maturing, high fertility - The highest percentage of butterfat( average of 4.7%) and significantly more solids than other breeds, thus milk is sought for manufacturing( e.g cheese products ) - average milk yield of 13,358 Lbs - Heat and humid tolerant - many herds in Texas

Answer 15

- Classified by goals/traits ( maternal, sire, specialty) - Ear configuration ( erect or folded/dropping) - Color (Body-color and identifying patterns)

Answer 16

- From Denmark - White in color with huge drooping ears - The most prolific swine breed is longer bodied than other breeds because of extra vertebrae - More confinement adaptable than many other breeds

Answer 17

- From England - It is called the " mother breed", white with erect ears - In the UK referred to as the Large White - Frequently part of crossbreeding programs - Noted for large litters, relatively lean carcasses, and good feed conversion

Answer 18

- From the US - Reddish brown ( range from light red to dark red) with drooping ears - Excellent growth rate and feed efficiency, generally considered a sire breed - Average carcass merit, tend to be fatter than Hampshire-sired pigs

Answer 19

- From the US - One of the oldest breeds in the US - Likely origin is the UK, but brought to the US and expanded - Black with a white belt around shoulders, erect ears - Known for lean, muscular carcasses, used primarily as a sire breed

Answer 20

- From Belgium - Black and white spotted with erect ears - Terminal sire breed ( frequently used as a sire in a crossbreeding operation in which all progeny are sold for carcass - Extreme muscularity and leanness - Early maturing - Can carry a gene that makes it susceptible to Porcine Stress Syndrome which can lead to death

Answer 21

-Porcine Stress Syndrome - A genetic condition that is carried by a recessive gene ( often linked to muscularity and carriers should be culled)

Answer 22

The carcass can be PSE - Pale, soft, exudative( wet and exuding excess fluid) - Carcass defect

Answer 23

- Triggered by stress( excitement, transportation, anesthesia, and temperature) -Can cause death( Respiratory distress, muscle tremors/rigidity, blotchy dermal hyperemia ( bright red skin blotches), acute heart failure)

Answer 24

- British ( UK) - Continental ( Western Europe) - Middle East - African - US - Oceanic ( Australia, new Zeland)

Answer 25

- Merino - Rambouillet

Answer 26

- Hampshire - Suffolk - Southdown - Dorset

Answer 27

- Doper - Finnsheep

Answer 28

- From spain - Most dominant breed in the world wide sheep industry - Merinos are typically smaller than other wool breeds and slower growing - Very hardy, fertile, long lived sheep with excellent flocking instinct - White faced breed - Generally have very fine fleeces , however some strians developed in Australia are somewhat coarser

Answer 29

- From France - Descended from the Spanish Merino, but larger and faster growing - White- faced breed that is hardy , though not extremely prolific under range conditions (prominent range ewe in the Western US and Tx) - In US used as a dual purpose sheep - Produce excellent fine-wool fleeces yet have acceptable growth and carcass traits - In recent years( last 25 years ) has focused on producing larger, more open- faced sheep

Answer 30

- From England - A sire breed known for rapid growth and muscularity - The face ,legs and ears of the Hampshire are dark brown to black and the sheep should have a wool cap on the head - Hampshires and Suffolks are the two most popular sire breeds in commercial sheep production - Genetics have been infused with Suffolk genes in the past 20 years

Answer 31

- From England - A very old breed used as a sire breed in commercial production - Free of wool on the head and legs , with a black head and legs -Alert, active sheep that grows very fast and produce lean , muscular carcasses - Ewes are prolific and heavy milking but produce very poor fleeces

Answer 32

- From England - One of the oldest sheep breeds, imported into the US in 1803 - Small to medium sized with light brown face and legs - Farm flock breed used to produce meaty, light- weight carcasses - A low maintenance breed with average prolificacy and milk production

Answer 33

- From England - There are horned and polled strians of Dorsets - A medium -sized breed known for its ability to breed out of season and for their prolificacy and milking ability - Mature early both sexually and compositionally - These white - faced sheep produce a light shearing, open fleece

Answer 34

- From South Africa - Hair sheep that do not require intensive management - Typically have a white body; head may be black or white - Very fertile; breeds out of season - Expectional adaptability and hardiness allows for existing in harsh terrain - Lambs grows rapidly and have high weaning weights

Answer 35

- From Finland - Most noted for their incredible prolificacy ( mature ewes produce 3+ lambs) - Noted for milking ability and easy lambing with maternal instincts - Have very poor fleeces and are slow growing and light muscled - Require intensive management

Answer 36

-Meat - Milk - Dual Purpose - Specialty

Answer 37

- British ( UK) - Continental ( Western Europe) - Middle East - African - Asian - US - Oceanic ( Australia, new Zeland)

Answer 38

Because of cultural practices ( ex: Hispanic, Caribbean ,Muslim communities)

Answer 39

- From South Africa - A hardy, fast growing meat-type goat - Good meat -type confirmation with superior spring of rib, body length and muscling - Medium size with prominent horns and broad drooping ears - Generally brown head and neck with white body and legs, having short to medium hair

Answer 40

- From Spain - Term spanish goat is used in the US to refer to goats of mixed breed origin -Generic term of " meat Goat" -Very prolific and hardy - Utilize a great deal of browse, thus used to clear brush and clean up re-growth in cleared areas - High variable in appearance and performance as little planned selection has occurred - Generally males and females are horned - Colors range from solid black, brown , and white to fawn and white with many color combination of spotting

Answer 41

- From Africa - Most popular breed of registered dairy goats in the US - Large in size and have distinctive long, drooping ears and " Roman nose" - Any color is acceptable with black and white, tan and white, and red and white being common colors, may also have some spotting - Noted for higher butterfat than other dairy breeds - Don't produce as much volume of milk like other breeds , but often referedas the " Jersey of milk goats"

Answer 42

- From Switzerland - One of the most popular breeds of dairy goats in the US. - Medium to large in size and have distinctive erect ears and a straight or dished face - White is the preferred color, spots on the skin and in the hair are allowed but not desired - Noted for their volume of milk production

Answer 43

- From Africa - Popular breed of dairy goats in the US for small farms - Miniature goat with conformation similar to that of larger dairy goat breeds, with erect ears - Main color is black or chocolate, random white markings and spots are common - Most commonly found in petting zoos

Answer 44

- From Turkey - Produce mohair , a luxurious fiber that commands a higher price than wool -Finnest hair ( the world's most valuable) is produced by kid goats with hair getting coarser as the goat gets older - Sheared 2 a year - Managed primarily under range conditions , they utilize a great deal of browse in their diet - over 90% reside in Texas primarily in Edward's Plateau

Answer 45

- Light - Draft - Ponies

Answer 46

64 inches= 5ft 4 in at withers

Answer 47

< 14.2 hands

Answer 48

> 14.2 hands

Answer 49

their GAIT - riding ( walk, trot, canter) - work ( walk slow gait ) - racing - driving - multiple tasks

Answer 50

- Appaloosa - Arabian - American Paint Horse - Throughbred - American Quarter Horse

Answer 51

Light Horses

Answer 52

Arabians and genes are found in most breeds

Answer 53

Arabian and Throughbred

Answer 54

- From the US - Developed in the Palouse River Country of the Northwest - Highly versatile - Strong trial horse - Eaily identified by spotted coat ; can range from entire coat to a " blanket" covering the hip

Answer 55

- From Arabia - Arabian blood is carried by most light horse - General purpose light horse with an unsurpassed reputation for endurance - The head and neck of the ideal Arabian are distinctive, with a relatively small , dished, triangular shaped head and a long, highly arched neck that is set high in the shoulder - solid colors are preferred : bay , brown , chesnut , gray , and black

Answer 56

- From the US - Original registry established in 1963 for Quarter Horse with too much white - May have Quarter horse or thoroughbred parent if one parent is paint & color qualifies - Two basis color patterns : tabiano=white over dark color; Overo=dark over white and no white crosses back - Perform in most in which Quarter Horse competes

Answer 57

- From England - Without equal for speed at intermediate distance ( 3/4 to 1 1/2 miles ) - Nearly 90% of all thoroughbred trace to Eclispe( 1764) - Ideal Thoroughbred cannont be described , " they run in all shapes and sizes" - Leading states in Thoroghbred production are Kentuck, California, and Florida - Can only be registered with American Jockey Club if its the result of a live mating ( Assisted reproduction such as artificial insemenation or embryo transfer is not allowed)

Answer 58

- From US - Developed as a saddle horse with great speed over short distance( 1/4 miles) - Multiple coat colors and face marking - The working cow horse of the ranches of the southwest and west - Early genetics trace Thoroghbred tupe stallions used on mares of spainish breeding - In US it has well documented history - Old Sorrel foal in 1915 on the King Ranch was identified as an ideal working horse and a linebreeding program was insitiuted to fix his type in the King Ranch program.

Answer 59

- Belgian - Clydesdale

Answer 60

- From Belgium - From 1910 through the 30's this become the most popular breed - Predominant color is light sorrel with flaxen mane and tail. - Easy to handle very strong , but less leg action than other breeds

Answer 61

- From Scotland - The " Budweiser Hitch" used them - Extensive white face and leg markings together with the " featuring" on the lower legs are very distinctive and create a bell bottomed effect - Considered more nervous than other breeds, too difficult for American farmers to handle

Answer 62

- From Mediterranean - The single comb, white leghorn is the most prolific egg laying breed - Most commercial egg- type pullets are produced by crossing inbred lines of birds that originated from single comb white leghorn stock - Leghorns are small heans that lay large white eggs ( 235 per years)

Answer 63

- From England - Used as the sire line in broiler production - Broad brested , heavily muscled - Tougher meat and stronger connective tissue

Answer 64

- From the US - Developed by crossing the Bronze and white holland stains - The industry has emphasized muscularity, growth rate and white feathers in the development of these birds - Birds are also heavy and muscular that are no longer capable of natural reproduction , also have problems with leg structure