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Therio > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

1
Q

How would we induce parturition with prostaglandins?

A

10-15mg Lutalyse & 175µg Estrumate {closprostanol}

administer on day 112-113 of gestation
→ will farrow in 18-36hrs

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2
Q

What are the 2 biggest causes of porcine dystocia?

A
  1. Uterine inertia
  2. Fetal maldisposition

…and #2 can lead to #1

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3
Q

Medical therapy for dystocia includes Oxytocin20-30IUadministered IM q30 minutes, and is especially important in uterine inertia cases. What is the majorcontraindication** for Oxytocin?

A

If there is an obstruction!

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4
Q

Which breed comes into puberty earliest? Which breed attains puberty the latest?

A

Meishan: as early as 76 days

Duroc: 224 days

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5
Q

Describe the main features of the sow estrous cycle.

A
  • non-seasonally polyestrous
  • 21 days {18-24 range}
  • *no series of follicular waves {as seen in cattle}*
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6
Q

Females ovulate 2/3 of the way thru estrus, so when should we deposit semen?

A

Within 12hrs of ovulation

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7
Q

When does Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy occur?
What’s the embryo requirement?

A

11-12 days

min.4 embryos; 2 in each horn

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8
Q

What are the accessory sex glands & where does the majority of ejaculate come from?

A

Prostate, vesicular glands, bulbourethral glands

the majority of ejaculate comes from bulbourethral gland
also the site responsible for gel fraction

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9
Q

What computer assessment gives us the most objective meansurement of sperm motility?

A

Computer Automated Semen Analysis

{CASA}

provides morphology, deterioration, etc…

stores images for future comparisons

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10
Q

What is the normal ejaculate volume & total sperm count?

A
  • *Volume:** 100-500 mL
  • limit 50mL*
  • *Total sperm count:** 10-100 (x 109) — billions
  • limit 10 x 109*

*progressive motility should not drop below 70%*

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11
Q

What are some advantages of AI?

A
  • Allows more xtensive use of older boars w.lighter females
  • dec.#of boars & time required for breeding
  • promotes dev’t of closed herd
  • allows intro of new genetics
  • confirm viability of sperm bc you assess it
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12
Q

What is the gestation length of a pregnant pig and what type of placenta do they have?

A

114 + 2days
{3m3w3d}

  • *epitheliochorial,**
  • diffuse placentation;* 6 layers
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13
Q

What is Early Pregnancy Factor B?

A

A substance that peaks 24-48hrs after fertilization
detected by the Rosette Inhibition Test

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14
Q

How long should farrowing take?

A

1-5 hours

piglets should be delivered <15 min apart!

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15
Q

What is the most common non infectious cause of infertility?

A

Hydrosalpinx
{2° to bursitis/peritonitis}

2nd most common: Cystic Ovarian Dz

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16
Q

What’s the second most common noninfectious cause of infertility?

A

Cystic Ovarian Dz

  • multiple cysts, irregular cycles/anestrus
  • 20-50% infertile sows
  • do NOT respond to hormone therapy
  • can be caused by estrus-induction agents
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17
Q

What 3 pathogens cause direct disruption of spermatogenesis in the boar via localization w/in parenchyma?

A
  1. Chlamydia
  2. Brucella
  3. Rubulavirus
18
Q

What 5 pathogens are shed in the semen of boars & cause dz in female pigs?

A
  1. Classical Swine Fever
  2. Leptospirosis
  3. Pseudorabies
  4. Parvovirus
  5. PRRS virus
19
Q

What is the most common cause of porcine pregnancy losses?

A

Lepto
L.pomona→most common serovar

*Dont forget: ZOONOTIC!*

20
Q

T or F:
If entire litter is mummified, pregnancy will be immediately terminated and the uterus will expel the concepti.

A

FALSE…

if entire litter is mummified {day 35-114},
pregnancy will progress to pseudopregnancy >114 day

21
Q

How do we treat/prevent Lepto?

A
  • Antibiotics: Tetracyclines {in the feed}
  • vaccinate at least q.6 months
    • combine w.Parvovirus
22
Q

How do we treat/prevent Brucellosis {Brucella suis}?

A

Test & slaughter is method of choice

*REPORTABLE*

  • orchitis in boars suggests this pathogen
  • abortions, stillbirths, & infertility in sows
  • piglet mortality
23
Q

What do we combine w.Lepto vaccine? Why?

A

combine Lepto w.Porcine Parvovirus
→ causes SMEDI

  • causes embryonic/fetal death & no maternal signs
    • viremia→ transplacental→ fetal vasculitis
  • typical EED followed by pseudopregnancy
24
Q

What Herpesvirus can cause encephalitis, repro failure, fever, anorexia, weight loss, & reduced litter size?
Also, it can be transmitted in semen…

A

Pseudorabies!
Aujesky’s Dz

  • young piglets {<7d}: CNS signs
  • Weaned+ : resp.signs
  • Resorption, abortion, & inc.mummies/stillbirths
25
Q

How would we bring a female into estrus with Altrenogest {P4}?

A

feed @: 15-20 mg/hd/day for 14 days
→mix the dose in 1lb. Of ration, then remainder/diet…

*females show signs of estrus in 4-7 days after withdrawal*
the idea here is that the removal of the CL is being mimic’d
& animals will just come into heat, synchronized

26
Q

In the bitch, ovulation begins ~48 hours after LH surge;
whereas in the gilt/sow, we can estimate ovulation to occur how long after the LH surge?

A

within 24hrs

27
Q

How long do we want to wait to deposit semen from the time of ovulation?

A

within 12hrs of ovulation

28
Q

What is the preferred technique for semen collection in the boar?

A

Gloved hand

…yay

29
Q

T or F:
A second mating/AI is necessary in animals w.positive back pressure test 24h after mating.

A
30
Q

When does the embryo enter the uterus in the sow?

A

48-60hrs

31
Q

What happens in the embryonic period after the embryo enters the uterus?

A

11-12 days: MRP via trophoblast production of E2 & 2 embryos in each horn

13-14 days: Intrauterine migration

14-18 days: attachment

40 days: implantation complete!

32
Q

We may be able to diagnose pregnancy in sows/gilts by evaluating certain hormone concentrations in serum. How could [PGF-2a] help us?

A

13-15 days: ~200pg/mL
→ positive

when you lack PGF-2a production 13-15 days post-ovulation,
we can assume it has not been produced by the endometrium,
which means it can’t lyse the CL → preggo

33
Q

How can serum [P4] be an aid in diagnosing pregnancy in sows/gilts?

A

17-24 days:
>5ng/mL → positive

*false positives d/t delayed estrus orcystic ovarian dz*

34
Q

What serum hormone concentration could we evaluate in the sow days 25-30 & what value would be diagnostic?

A

estrone sulphate {serum or urine}: 0.5ng/mL

35
Q

Which hormones rise in the sow just prior to parturition?

A
  1. Relaxin
  2. PGF-2a
  3. E2
36
Q

You’re with Dr. Ten Derloin on a farrow-finish operation farm call. Upon necropsy of some piglets who aborted late in gestation, you notice white, necrotic foci in the liver & know you need to report to authorities immediately. What dz are you reporting to the state vets?

A

Pseudorabies!

37
Q

You visit a pig farm where 4 piglets have died, 2 died before weaning, & the other 2 were stillbirth and mummified. Upon PM, you see evidence of vasculitis, myocarditis, & conjunctivitis. Weaner pigs are also showing respiratory distress signs. What’s the most likely Dx?

A

PRRS

38
Q

You’re overseas in a foreign country participating in a spay & neuter program. You decide to switch it up & take the opportunity offered to visit a local pig farm. The farmer explains one of his pregnant pigs died & he wants answers. Your PM indicates splenic infarct in the sow’s mummified fetuses, & other piglets had been aborted. What are you going to tell the farmer he’s up against?

A

Hog Cholera

39
Q

You accompany your mentor, Dr. Carni Tas, on a call to a hog farm where several sows have aborted & several Duroc boars have been suffering severe orchitis & posterior paralysis. What’s the pathogenic cause of what you’re seeing?

A

Brucella suis

40
Q

Dr. Chori Zo takes you on a farm call to a farrowing operation in Ohio, where first parity gilts are reported to have a high % mummified fetuses as well as infertility & stillbirths. What’s the issue?

A

Porcine Parvovirus

41
Q

Which 2 infectious dz of swine can cause abortion, but are typically asymptomatic in the boar?

A
  1. PRRS
  2. Lepto

Therio (21 decks)

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