Small Ruminants Flashcards
T or F:
The ewe and the doe ovulate while they’re in estrus.
true.
- *ewe**: estrous cycle—> 17 days
- estrus*: 30 hours
- doe*: estrous cycle—> 21 days
- estrus*: 36 hours
What’s the most common pregnancy diagnostic?
non-return to estrus
What is the best time for ultrasound evaluation & detection of twin pregnancy in sheep & goats?
45-90 days
mid-abdomen in front of udder
What is Ringwomb?
failure of cervix to complete dilate;
associated with dystocia, naturally…
*relatively common in ewe*
{considered heritable}
What do retained fetal membranes tend to be associated with?
Infections & other periparturient dz
What are the key features of Pregnancy Toxemia?
- Final trimester of pregnancy
- multiple fetuses
- twin pregnancies req.180% more energy than singletons
- triplets req.240% more energy than singletons
- negative energy balance
- obese/extremely thin ewes
more prone to developing condition
What are the 5 R’s in treating Vaginal Prolapse?
- *R**estraint
- *R**eplacement
- *R**etainment options
- *R**eassessment
- plastic prolapse retainer; shoelace pattern; Buhner
- *R**emove {cull}
What disease features:
- swollen face, tongue, ears
- ulceration of coronary band—>lameness
- ulcerated mouth & nose
& fetal malformations: hydroencephaly & arthrogryposis
- *Bluetongue**
- Orbivirus*
SW U.S. & Central America
transmitted by Cullicoides
Which dz causes congenital defects, hairy fleece, darker pigmentation, & tremors?
“Hairy-Shaker Lamb”
Border Disease Virus {BDV}
Pestivirus
also results in hydrancephaly & cerebellar hypoplasia
Which Brucella has a higher likelihood of causing abortion?
Brucella melitensis
{more commonly seen in goats}
What is Cache Valley Disease?
Dz spread by mosquitoes causing fever, depression…
→invasion of placenta→ fetus…
- stillbirth
- congenital defects: arthrogryposis, brachygnathia, predilection for CNS tissue
- hydrancephaly
- microencephaly
Which virus is found in Australia, Africa, & Asia, is transmitted by Cullicoides and mosquitoes, resulting in a lack of clinical signs in the dam?
Akabane Virus!
fetal defects: arthrogryposis, hydrancephaly, hydrocephalus
Which Brucella causes epididymitis in rams?
Brucella ovis
widespread in western portions of N. America,
but rarely a cause of abortion in sheep
Which pathogen is the most significant cause of abortion in sheep in N. America, especially Western US?
- Campylobacter*
- C.jejuni →* sporadic abortion
- C.fetus fetus → large outbreaks* of abortion
- **ZOONOTIC*
- rare in goat*
target lesions → hepatic necrosis
Tx: tetracyclines & remove pregnant ewes
*vaccinate before breeding & booster*
Key features of *Chlamydophila abortus…
*remember: also produces pneumonia, keratoconjunctivitis, epididymitis, & polyarthritis in sheep & goats*
Enzootic Abortion of Ewes
- zoonotic
- obligate intracellular organism
- important cause of abortion in goats
- placentitis → late-term abortion
necrotic placentitis of inter-/cotyledonary areas
Dx: Zeil Nelson stain {histopath}
Tx: tetracyclines in outbreak; vaccination
