Bovine Infectious Infertility and Abortion Flashcards
Define early embryonic death
Fetal death <42 days/8weeks
Define abortion
occurs b/t 42 or 56 days & 260 days of gestation
Define stillbirth
fetal death >260 days
Why is it important to keep in mind the intervention level is <5% ?
In order for us to say, hey listen - your farm is having a problem, you’re seeing more abortions, and I think we should chase down WHY we’re seeing this, let’s send in some tissues and see what’s going on…
That’s what she said in class🤷🏻♀️
For the most part, in general…
The only time you’re going to see a sick cow & THEN an abortion is when the infectious pathogen is…..?
Listeria monocytogenes
history will be:
- new silage
- hay bales + rain
concentrated in rotting hay & improperly stored silage
How do cows become infected with Listeria and how does it cause abortion?
Pathogenesis
ingestion→ replication in monocyte-MF→ placenta
→ placentitis & fetal septicemia→ abortion
*has a predilection for fetoplacental tissues*
**causes abortion inlast trimester**
What infectious disease are we thinking?
Listeria monocytogenes
- fetus is often autolysed
{similar to BHV-1: foci of necrosis in liver} - Pinpoint yellow, necrotic foci on tips of cotyledonary villi w/focal or diffuse intercotyledonary placentitis
T or F:
All Leptospirosis serovars are zoonotic.
- *TRUE.**
- they’re aerobic spirochetes…*
What’s the issue with “host-adapted” Lepto?
sets up shop & create an infertility
→ figuring out why the cow is not getting pregnant is going to be a problem
— Lepto has to be on that differential list —
but there will be other things on it too…
What’s the main Lepto serovar associated with the host-adapted insidious reproduction loss and/or infertility?
Leptospira interrogans hardjo-prajitno
*important esp.when considering vaccine*
Incubation period for Lepto?
4-10 days
What would strongly indicate a non-host-adapted Lepto infection?
Abortions
{pomona, grippo, ictero, canicola, etc.}
How is Lepto diagnosed?
induce urination via furosemide injection
…x2
because we want to flush it out from the renal tubules
antibody titers not helpful
Characteristic lesion for Brucella abortus…?
{G— coccobacillus - intracellular}
Moroccan leather
caused by chorioallantois necrosis
What does a human experience when infected with Brucella abortus?
undulant fever
What bacterial agents would we be thinking about in small ruminants?
Chlamydia
Salmonella
Campylobacter foetus veneralis
aka vibrio
typically causes what?
- Late return to estrus
{go thru a cycle, then come back into heat, but at an abnormal period of time}
- early embryonic death
*the bull is the carrier, but is not really affected - just spreading it*
How do we diagnose Campylobacter foetus veneralis ?
We take a long rod, attach it to the end of a large syringe,
pass it into preputial area (or vaginal mucus) & move it back & forth…
goal is to scrape some mucosa —> send off on Clark’s Media
How do we diagnose Tritrichomonas foetus?
Preputial scrape vs. wash
{lab preference}
samples go onto Diamond’s media or inPouch
→ cultured & sent to lab for observation of Protozoa
When should Tritrichomonas foetus testing be done?
After 2 weeks sexual rest
*once a week, 3 weeks in a row…
NEEDS to be 3 weeks to be able to say Tritrich-free*
