Non-Pregnant Mare

Question 1

Endometrial cytology indicating infection would most likely test positive for what pathogen?

Answer 1

Streptococcus equi ssp.zooepidemicus

Question 2

What mucolytic agent is most commonly used to disrupt biofilm & improve antimicrobial penetration?

Answer 2

N-acetylcysteine {ACE}

dissolve in saline, infuse ~30min before antibiotics

so first lavage, then ACE, then antibiotic…
→leave it for 12 hours, rinse & repeat…

Question 3

What differentiates CEM from other uterine disease/conditions that share similar clinical signs?

Answer 3

Taylorella equigenitalis

CEM is accompanied by a pronounced, conspicuous discharge

Question 4

What’s unique in the horse regarding pyometra?

Answer 4

It’s a pathology of the cervix

Tx:

• manual removal of fluid
• historectomy
• *wedge resection* —drainage {salvage procedure}

Question 5

What are the two general follicular growth/waves ?

Answer 5

1. 1st arises soon after previous ovulation {may not develop dom.follicle}
2. 2nd emerges 10 days after previous ovulation & typically produces the ovulatory follicle

Question 6

When should endometritis attributed to normal postbreeding inflammation subside?

Answer 6

W/in 24hrs

Question 7

T or F:
Allmares react to semen in the uterus, but only~15%​sufferpathological postbreeding endometritis.

Answer 7

True.

Question 8

You perform an endometrial culture & it comes back positive. But wait —the cytology comes back negative. Does this mare have endometritis or not?

Answer 8

Yas.

cytology doesnt matter

*hi rate of false negatives w.endometrial culture*

Question 9

Positive bacterial culture maybe regarded as __ __ for endometritis, whereas cytology is more _____.

Answer 9

Specific;
sensitive

Question 10

What are the major ways we can manage postbreeding endometritis?

Answer 10

• Reduce semen exposure to a minimum
• aim to inseminate once, ~48hrs before ovulation
  
  • allows time for resolution of endometritis before ovulation
• good quality semen {retains fertilizing ability for several days}

Question 11

What’s the first step to preparing for treatment of chronic endometritis?

Answer 11

Make sure physical defense of uterus is adequate!

• vulva, vestibulovaginal junx, cervix
• urovagina {usually d/t obstetrical injury, slight distortion of VV junx,→urine in uterus}
• pneumovagina

Question 12

How do we use antibiotics to treat chronic endometritis?

Answer 12

Intrauterine infusion of appropriate antibiotic during estrus for 3-5 days

*systemic Abx not researched adequately*

Question 13

Granulosa cell tumors are likely to increase which hormone(s)?

Answer 13

testosterone & inhibin

Question 14

Anovulatory follicle syndrome in the mare is comparable to what disease in bovine?

Answer 14

cystic ovarian dz