Swine 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

when does isospora suis (coccidiosis) first show signs in piglets?

A

5 days

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2
Q

isospora suis - how long do oocysts take to sporulate? how long to penetrate enterocyte?

A
  • Oocysts sporulate in room after 12 hours
  • Within 5 days after ingestion, sporozoite penetrates the enterocyte
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3
Q

what are sporulated Isospora suis (cystoisospora suis) oocysts resistant to?

A
  • Sporulated oocysts are resistant to disinfection
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4
Q

environmental predisposing factors for coccidiosis in swine

A
  • Cement floors in farrowing crates
  • Late summer
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5
Q

Coccidiosis - pathogenesis in swine

A
  • Coccidia grow in enterocytes of jejunum & ileum
  • Causing mild to moderate villous atrophy, leading to diarrhea
  • In severe cases, the intestine has a fibrinonecrotic membrane
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6
Q

Coccidiosis – Clinical signs in swine

A
  • Mild creamy diarrhea beginning as early as 5 days but usually 1 to 3 weeks of age
  • Low mortality, high morbidity, low weaning weights, long-haired pigs
  • Most litters, from all ages of sows affected
  • No response to antibiotics or vaccines
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7
Q

Coccidiosis – diagnosis (incl. PM)

A
  • Fecal float - may find large number of oocysts
    (not related to onset of diarrhea)
  • Post-mortem exam – Histology:
  • Mild to moderate villus atrophy
  • Coccidia on in jejunum & ileum – +/- necrotic membrane
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8
Q

what kind of smear can we prepare to show coccidial organisms?

A

mucosal smear

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9
Q

short term control of coccidia for swine

A
  1. Toltrazuril (Baycox 5%)
    Orally once at 3 – 5 days of age
  2. +/- seal the floor by painting it
  3. All-in/all-out management - hygiene
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10
Q

long term control of coccidia for swine

A
  1. Change flooring to perforated, raised floors
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11
Q

how many antigenetically distinct groups of rotavirus? what group is most common in pigs?

A

– 7 antigenically distinct groups
– Group A most common in pigs

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12
Q

pathogenesis of prcine rotavirus

A

– Mild to moderate villous atrophy
– Can be considered a “milder presentation” vs. coronavirus

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13
Q

clinical signs of porcine rotavirus

A

(note the high variability in age)
– Watery diarrhea – various severity
– Pigs 1 to 6 weeks old (nursing and nursery pigs)
– Usually low mortality, atypical cases can have high mortality

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14
Q

how do levels of piglet immunity change over time from birth

A

-immunity starts at 0
>passive immunity build to peak, maximum at ~1.5 weeks, and then declines to 0 at 3 weeks
>active immunity build from 3 weeks onward

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15
Q

porcine rotavirus diagnosis?

A

– Viral shedding is greater in early stages of disease
* Sacrifice pig in very early stages and demonstrate virus in tissues
* IHC, PCR
– Submit feces from affected pig

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16
Q

control of porcine rotavirus

A

– Good husbandry practices - Hygiene! Hygiene! Hygiene!
– Vaccinate sows before farrowing - maximize lactogenic immunity

17
Q

Clostridium perfringens type C enteritis in swine; type of bacteria and pathogenesis? toxin?

A
  • Gram +ve rod bacteria, shed by sow & lives in environment, ingested by piglet, attaches to epithelial cells
  • Type C produces necrotizing beta toxin, causes necrosis & desquamation
  • Death due to necrosis & hemorrhage from toxin
18
Q

Clostridium perfringens type C enteritis; diagnosis?

A
  • Bacteria on mucosal smears
19
Q

at what point would we see the earliest signs of roatvirus in a piglet?

A

5 days

20
Q

at what point would we see the earliest signs of clostridium perfringens in swine?

A

<12 h

21
Q

symptoms of type C claustridium perfringens vs type A

A

Type C
* <7days
* Bloody feces
* High morbidity
* High mortality

Type A (diagnosis of exclusion)
* <7days
* Creamy feces
* High morbidity
* Low weaning weights

22
Q

treatments for clostridium perfringens type A and C in swine

A

Type C
* Piglets: Antitoxin within 2 hours after birth

Type A
* Piglets given antibiotics
– Ampicillin, penicillin, ceftiofur

Sows - vaccinate and +/- feed bacitracin (antibiotic)

23
Q

The age/timing of the earliest start of clinical signs helps to determine the causal agent for neonatal diarrhea
> what are the ones we need to know?

A
  • Escherichia coli (colibacillosis) (<12hrs)
  • Clostridium perfringens (<12hrs)
  • PED and TGE virus (2d)
  • Isospora suis (coccidiosis)(5d)
    – AKA: Cystoisospora suis
  • Rotavirus(5d)