Swine 3 Flashcards
when does isospora suis (coccidiosis) first show signs in piglets?
5 days
isospora suis - how long do oocysts take to sporulate? how long to penetrate enterocyte?
- Oocysts sporulate in room after 12 hours
- Within 5 days after ingestion, sporozoite penetrates the enterocyte
what are sporulated Isospora suis (cystoisospora suis) oocysts resistant to?
- Sporulated oocysts are resistant to disinfection
environmental predisposing factors for coccidiosis in swine
- Cement floors in farrowing crates
- Late summer
Coccidiosis - pathogenesis in swine
- Coccidia grow in enterocytes of jejunum & ileum
- Causing mild to moderate villous atrophy, leading to diarrhea
- In severe cases, the intestine has a fibrinonecrotic membrane
Coccidiosis – Clinical signs in swine
- Mild creamy diarrhea beginning as early as 5 days but usually 1 to 3 weeks of age
- Low mortality, high morbidity, low weaning weights, long-haired pigs
- Most litters, from all ages of sows affected
- No response to antibiotics or vaccines
Coccidiosis – diagnosis (incl. PM)
- Fecal float - may find large number of oocysts
(not related to onset of diarrhea) - Post-mortem exam – Histology:
- Mild to moderate villus atrophy
- Coccidia on in jejunum & ileum – +/- necrotic membrane
what kind of smear can we prepare to show coccidial organisms?
mucosal smear
short term control of coccidia for swine
- Toltrazuril (Baycox 5%)
Orally once at 3 – 5 days of age - +/- seal the floor by painting it
- All-in/all-out management - hygiene
long term control of coccidia for swine
- Change flooring to perforated, raised floors
how many antigenetically distinct groups of rotavirus? what group is most common in pigs?
– 7 antigenically distinct groups
– Group A most common in pigs
pathogenesis of prcine rotavirus
– Mild to moderate villous atrophy
– Can be considered a “milder presentation” vs. coronavirus
clinical signs of porcine rotavirus
(note the high variability in age)
– Watery diarrhea – various severity
– Pigs 1 to 6 weeks old (nursing and nursery pigs)
– Usually low mortality, atypical cases can have high mortality
how do levels of piglet immunity change over time from birth
-immunity starts at 0
>passive immunity build to peak, maximum at ~1.5 weeks, and then declines to 0 at 3 weeks
>active immunity build from 3 weeks onward
porcine rotavirus diagnosis?
– Viral shedding is greater in early stages of disease
* Sacrifice pig in very early stages and demonstrate virus in tissues
* IHC, PCR
– Submit feces from affected pig
control of porcine rotavirus
– Good husbandry practices - Hygiene! Hygiene! Hygiene!
– Vaccinate sows before farrowing - maximize lactogenic immunity
Clostridium perfringens type C enteritis in swine; type of bacteria and pathogenesis? toxin?
- Gram +ve rod bacteria, shed by sow & lives in environment, ingested by piglet, attaches to epithelial cells
- Type C produces necrotizing beta toxin, causes necrosis & desquamation
- Death due to necrosis & hemorrhage from toxin
Clostridium perfringens type C enteritis; diagnosis?
- Bacteria on mucosal smears
at what point would we see the earliest signs of roatvirus in a piglet?
5 days
at what point would we see the earliest signs of clostridium perfringens in swine?
<12 h
symptoms of type C claustridium perfringens vs type A
Type C
* <7days
* Bloody feces
* High morbidity
* High mortality
Type A (diagnosis of exclusion)
* <7days
* Creamy feces
* High morbidity
* Low weaning weights
treatments for clostridium perfringens type A and C in swine
Type C
* Piglets: Antitoxin within 2 hours after birth
Type A
* Piglets given antibiotics
– Ampicillin, penicillin, ceftiofur
Sows - vaccinate and +/- feed bacitracin (antibiotic)
The age/timing of the earliest start of clinical signs helps to determine the causal agent for neonatal diarrhea
> what are the ones we need to know?
- Escherichia coli (colibacillosis) (<12hrs)
- Clostridium perfringens (<12hrs)
- PED and TGE virus (2d)
- Isospora suis (coccidiosis)(5d)
– AKA: Cystoisospora suis - Rotavirus(5d)
