Swine 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Principles of health management for swine

A
  1. Keep disease out
  2. Eradicate diseases if feasible
  3. Control the endemic infectious diseases by maximizing immunity and minimizing challenge
  4. Recognize that many health problems aren’t primarily infectious and caused by combination of factors
  5. Use production data
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2
Q

how to keep disease out

A

Biosecurity

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3
Q

what is the challenge of biosecurity balance

A

Challenge is to get the
right balance
* Not enough – disease
gets in
* Too much – expensive
and interferes with farm function

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4
Q

Why is monitoring an important component of biosecurity?

A

Biosecurity audits

  • Early diagnosis of new/introduced disease(s)
    > Can make biosecurity changes
  • It helps tell us how we are doing
    > Can make biosecurity changes
  • Promotes the importance of biosecurity
    > Can make biosecurity changes
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5
Q

Eradication of PED from a farrow-to- finish farm, steps:

A
  1. Close the herd (no new entry of breeding replacement stock)
  2. Purposely expose all the sows to the disease (herd immunity)
  3. Create a gap in production somehow, so that the nursery can be depopulated and cleaned
  4. Weaned pigs will have passive immunity, as it disappears, need to ensure they don’t become exposed to the virus
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6
Q

Some health problems can’t be eliminated and must be controlled on the farm
-whats our general strategy?

A

Some health problems can’t be eliminated and must be controlled on the farm
- If endemic disease has a major infectious component, control by maximizing immunity and minimizing challenge

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7
Q

main strategies to maximize immunity, minimiuze challenge

A

Generally need both approaches BUT…..
- Some diseases respond better to immunization
> E.g., porcine circovirus associated disease
- Some diseases respond better to sanitation > E.g., coccidiosis

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8
Q

how can study of production records help us?

A

n To identify health problems
n To measure response to treatment
n To develop control strategies
n To perform cost-benefit analysis
Measure to get better!

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9
Q

how have computerized production records changed management?

A
  • In North America, herd size dramatically increased in the 1980s coinciding with widespread use of the personal computer
  • Analyzing production data has become an essential part of swine health management
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10
Q

is looking at production records enough to understand problems?

A

Production records are just a part of monitoring herds to spot health problems
n Need to walk through barns, examine pigs and environment
n Post-mortem examinations
n Serology and other sampling
n Abattoir reports

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11
Q

Monitoring Clinical & Subclinical Disease - strategies:

A

Record number of pigs:
- treated
- culled or euthanized
- that died
- that did not make 3.5 kg at weaning or 115 kg at 6 months of age

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12
Q

health monitoring includes inpection of:

A

-pigs
-environment
> eg. behaviours, diseases can be related to this

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13
Q

what info does serological monitoring give us?

A

Is the herd free of a specific disease?
- a positive animal = positive herd
> Test sufficient animals to be confident in your results
> How many?
> What if low prevalence of disease?

  • When are the pigs becoming infected?
    > Serial blood tests or multiple ages on one day
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14
Q

who should you give a serological test? what else do you need to understand about your test?

A

Animals likely to be positive:
– Sick or coughing
– Age likely to be positive
– Multiple pens / multiple rooms

What else do you need to understand?
– Type of test: what is it measuring
* viremia vs. antibody titre
– Sensitivity and specificity of test
– What sample to take

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15
Q

how to collect an oral fluids sample:

A
  • Use cotton rope
  • Adjust length to pig size
  • Extract fluid from rope
  • Pour fluid into a tube - chill or freeze
  • Submit to lab for testing

±75% of pigs in a pen of 25-30 will interact with the rope in 20-30 minutes

Work with Pig Behaviour
* Pigs explore the world in bites and chews.
* Train (non-threatening exploration), then collect
* Put the rope in cleanest part of the pen – away from drinkers and feeders
* Collect samples in the morning when pigs most active

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16
Q

what is pooling eg a pooled sample?

A

A “pooled sample” is created by combining ≥2 specimens into one aliquot for testing
>information is lost with this

17
Q

what can we test with oral fluids?

A

POTENTIAL FOR ANTIBODY ASSAY……more to come

  • Foot-and-mouth disease virus
  • African swine fever virus
  • Classical swine fever virus
  • Influenza viruses
  • PRRS virus
  • PCV2
  • Aujeszky’s disease
  • Erysipelothrix spp.
  • M. hyorhinis, M. hyosynoviae, M. hyopneumoniae
  • APP , Salmonella, others
18
Q

use of slaughter checks for herd health

A

Some veterinarians will use slaughter checks to determine prevalence and monitor response to control programs

19
Q

Responding to health problem: sequence of events:

A
  • Farmer complaint – presenting complaint, coughing, diarrhea, sudden deaths
  • Visual inspection of pigs - variation in sizes, clinical disease not recognized by producer
  • Productivity records - prolonged days to market, low weaning weights, low weaning numbers
  • Gather samples and submit to lab – postmortem exam, blood, oral fluids, feces, feed, etc
  • Institute treatment program – monitor and adjust