Swine 3

Question 1

protein deficiencies in pigs results from

Answer 1

1. sub-optimal feed intake
2. deficiency of 1 or more essential amino acids

Question 2

how does protein deficiency manifest in growers-finishers?

Answer 2

reduced growth/ADG
poor feed conversion
fatter carcasses

Question 3

does does protein deficiency manifest in lactating sows?

Answer 3

lower milk production
excess weight loss during lactation
failure to exhibit post weaning estrus

Question 4

what molecule is usually deficient in pig fat deficiency?

Answer 4

linoleic acid

Question 5

how does fat deficiency manifest in pigs?

Answer 5

hair loss, scaly dermatitis, unthrifty appearance in growing pigs

Question 6

is fat deficiency common in commercial diets? what about non-commercial diets?

Answer 6

no in commercial, yes in non-commercial

Question 7

how does carb deficiency manifest in pigs?

Answer 7

reduced growth/ADG (expected weight/size for age is decreased)
poor hair coat
dry nose
poor BCS
lack of energy
other illnesses

Question 8

can you overfeed Zinc?

Answer 8

nope

Question 9

is iron deficiency anemia common in pigs?

Answer 9

yep
6-28% (and likely more than this actually)

Question 10

1) Ca or P deficiency results in ?
2) salt deficiencies lead to?
3) sow diets low in ____ produce hairless pigs.
4) zinc deficiencies result in ?

Answer 10

1) rickets
2) poor growth
3) iodine
4) parakeratosis

Question 11

tell me how iron deficiency anemia happens in pigs in very broad strokes

Answer 11

decrease iron reserve (for whatever reason)
increase growth = increase expansion of blood volume
= iron deficiency anemia

Question 12

What are C/s and necropsy findings for pigs with iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 12

failure to grow
unthrifty*
pallor*
thin walled heart
edema of lungs, muscles, connective tissue
thin watery blood *

Question 13

how do you prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia in pigs?

Answer 13

Iron Dextran
200 mg/piglet @ 3 days old
runt litters
Cu also reduces rate of Hgb formation and RBC count (much less common)

Question 14

farms with liquid feed systems and specifically for finisher pigs sometimes have an acute increase in mortality. this is common with ??

Answer 14

salt water toxicity

Question 15

what are the clinical signs for salt water toxicity?

Answer 15

± stilted gait *
walking into walls
nose twitching > convulsions
± diarrhea

neuro presentation

Question 16

what are some ddx for the C/S caused by salt water toxicity?

Answer 16

meningitis (strep suis causing strep meningitis)
- strep suis type 2 is most common and #1 cause of neuro disease in the world

edema disease

organophosphates

Question 17

what are important questions to ask If you’re investigating salt water toxicity in pigs?

Answer 17

using liquid whey products?
change source of whey?
water deprivation?
salt levels in feed?

Question 18

what are pathology findings for salt water toxicity? both histo and gross path

Answer 18

gastric mucosal congestion
liquid filled intestines, ± enteritis

pathognomonic eosinophilic meningoencephalitis characterized by cuffing of meningeal and cerebral vessels with eosinophils

Question 19

tell me the pathogenesis (very broad terms) of water deprivation/salt poisining in pigs

Answer 19

shortage/complete lack of water, normal salt in the diet becomes toxic –> acute cerebral edema

the higher the level of salt in the diet, the shorter the period of water deprivation before signs are seen (48hrs)

Question 20

how do you treat water deprivation/salt tox?

Answer 20

introduce water slowly **
small amount frequently

Question 21

which part of the porcine stomach is prone to gastric ulcers?

Answer 21

pars esophagea (non-glandular part)

Question 22

what causes gastric ulcers in pigs?

Answer 22

particle size of diet < 500 microns
interrupted feed supply
disease & stress

Question 23

what are the 4 stages of gastric ulcer formation in pigs?

Answer 23

normal
parakeratosis
erosions
ulceration

Question 24

true or false. most gastric ulcers are subclinical

Answer 24

true

Question 25

what are C/S and pathology signs for gastric ulcers in piggies?

Answer 25

vomiting, pale, weight loss/emaciation due to esophageal stricture in healed cases

feed refusal, constipation, parachute death from intragastric hemorrhage, ± melena, reduced appetite, slow growth

Question 26

are gastric ulcers a commercial pig problem? why or why not?

Answer 26

nope
commercial farms use good nutritionists

Question 27

how do you treat/control gastric ulcers

Answer 27

diet change (particle sise, pellets to mash, buffers)
sucralfate
bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismol)
fomotidine (H2 blocker)

Question 28

list the 4 intestinal accidents we have to know, and list the most common one first (idk about the other 3)

Answer 28

rectal prolapse
mesenteric torsion
gastric torsion
splenic torsion

Question 29

who is affected by intestinal accidents? what is the cause?

Answer 29

grower-finisher pigs
uncertain cause (interrupted feeding, changes in diet, running/jumping/rolling)

Question 30

tell me the pathogenesis of intestinal accidents (torsion)

Answer 30

inciting incident
torsion
rapid abdominal distension
venous obstruction
shock
death

Question 31

what are the clinical signs of intestinal accidents (torsion)

Answer 31

peracute death
bloated abdomen
pale carcass (pink and white blotchiness due to venous congestion, white is where pig experience compression laying down)
± prolapsed rectum

Question 32

what are the path signs of torion/intestinal accidents

Answer 32

venous congestion of GIT
blood tinged peritoneal fluid ± fibrin
evidence of twist around mesentery

Question 33

how do you control intestinal accidents/torsion?

Answer 33

consistent diet
consistent delivery of diet
slow running + jumping

Question 34

what causes Mulberry heart disease?

Answer 34

vitamin E/selenium deficiency

Question 35

what are the Mulberry heart disease lesions /clinical signs?

Answer 35

C/S: sudden death of young, rapidly growing pigs

lesions:
- transmural myocardial hemorrhage “paint brush”*
- hydropericardium*
- hydrothorax, hydroperitoneum*
- pulmonary edema
- thick fibrin covering serosal surfaces
- hepatitis dietetica
- degeneration of longisimus dorsi

Question 36

true or false: in pigs, vomitoxin is well absorbed and poorly metabolized and excreted

Answer 36

true

Question 37

which two mycotoxins are pigs especially susceptible to?

Answer 37

vomitoxin and zearalenone

Question 38

what are some clinical signs of mycotoxicity in pigs?

Answer 38

feed refusal and vomiting*
hyperaemic vulva*
oral irritation
hepatitis
intestinal hemorrhage
abortions
prolapse
renal lesions
acute lung edema

Question 39

what is the typical presentation of a pig with mycotoxicity?

Answer 39

sow next to a feeder and not eating
when not eating, they get gastric torsion
if dose is really low and they do eat it, then you get weak litters, starve outs

Question 40

true or false: piglets < 900g with fusarium have low viability

Answer 40

true

Question 41

what does fusarium look like in pigs?

Answer 41

dome-shaped skull
ADG dropped by 17% for at least 3 months
under 1kg/900 g piglets die

Question 42

true or false. a negative test for mycotoxins means there isn’t any there

Answer 42

false! it can be hard to find mycotoxins

Question 43

what are some ddx for the clinical signs shown with mycotoxins?

Answer 43

PRRS
environmental stressors (summer heat)
mycotoxins
parvo
stray voltage

Question 44

what factors influence susceptibility to mycotoxicity?

Answer 44

concurrent disease
heat stress
marginal nutrient profile
drug interactions
multiple toxins
animal crowding
age
pregnancy
lactation

Question 45

how do you prevent mycotoxicity?

Answer 45

feed purchasing (test)
storage and handling of feed (regular bin cleaning, regular feed line cleaning, store grains dry)
mycotoxin binders (binding agents that selectively bind and immobilize mycotoxins in GIT)