Swimming

Question 1

Name the qualitative analysis stages

Answer 1

Preparation, observation, evaluation, intervention

Question 2

Swimming velocity

Answer 2

Product of stroke rate and stroke length

Question 3

What is the problem with the swimming velocity definition

Answer 3

Only valid mid pool

Question 4

Stroke rate (cycles/min)

Answer 4

Number of complete cycles of one arm in a minute

Question 5

Stroke length (m/cycle)

Answer 5

Distance the swimmer moves forward during the stroke cycle

Question 6

What do SR and SL depend on?

Answer 6

Swimming stroke
Race distance
Antropmetric characteristics

Question 7

How do swimmers tend to increase their velocity?

Answer 7

Increase stoke rate, decrease stroke length

Question 8

Drag

Answer 8

Acts along the direction of motion

Question 9

Lift

Answer 9

Acts at right angles to the direction of motion (perpendicular to flow)

Question 10

Propulsion

Answer 10

May be obtained by accelerating a mass of water opposite the swimming direction in accordance with Newton

Question 11

Resistive forces

Answer 11

Motion of the body parts in the water which produce forces not in the desired direction

Question 12

Total resistance

Answer 12

Sum of frictional ‘pressure’ and ‘wave’ contributions when swimming at a constant speed

Question 13

time spent in turns

Answer 13

accounts for up to 1/3 of overall time

Question 14

release velocity- why is the magnitude of force important?

Answer 14

newton’s 3rd law: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
The more force the swimmer exerts, the more force the blocks will apply back

Question 15

release velocity- why is the duration of force application important?

Answer 15

newton’s 2nd law: forces cause acceleration

the mass is constant thus the final velocity of starts depends on both the magnitude and duration

Question 16

What is the optimum release angle in swimming

Answer 16

less than 45 degrees

release height is greater than landing height

Question 17

How much time does reaction time account to on the blocks

Answer 17

Almost 1/4

Question 18

What is the base of support?

Answer 18

Area beneath and between the 2 segments in contact with the ground

Question 19

How does the swimmer initiate movement on the blocks?

Answer 19

Move CM close to the perimeter of the base of support to disrupt equilibrium

Question 20

Gliding depth

Answer 20

Deeper usually for breaststroke and early race
Better swimmers tend to gland for longer
Minimum depth should be 0.4m
Too deep will increase time back to the surface, too shallow will increase resistance caused by surface waves

Question 21

Factors affecting release velocity

Answer 21

Magnitude of force

Duration force

Question 22

Factors influencing time on blocks

Answer 22

body position/balance

reaction time

Question 23

Factors affecting smoothness of entry

Answer 23

entry angle

body position

Question 24

influencing factors underwater

Answer 24

gliding depth, streamlining, kick timing, timing of surfacing

Question 25

Factors before the turn

Answer 25

approach velocity (swim fast until turn)
approach distance

Question 26

Factors during the turn

Answer 26

rotation time (keep to a minimum)
Forces applied on the wall (maximise force. Less than 90 degree knee angle might result in inefficient length for quads)
Push off angle

Question 27

Minimise resistance impulse

Answer 27

Change in motion depends on the magnitude of net force and time
Minimise the magnitude of resistive forces (minimise cross sectional area of body segments, minimise speed of body segments, optimise alignment)
Minimise the time of the resistive forces

Question 28

Maximise propulsive impulse

Answer 28

The change in motion depends on the magnitude of the net force and the time over which it acts
Minimise the magnitude of propulsive forces
Maximise the time of the propulsive forces
Maximise propelling limbs cross sectional area to flow
Optimise propelling limbs alignment and direction