Exam questions

Question 1

Define gait

Answer 1

The manner of locomotion

Question 2

Give examples of types of gait analysis

Answer 2

Kinematics- video analysis, acelerometers, electrognosiometers

Kinetics- GRF, Pressure

Electromyography

Question 3

Define gait cycle

Answer 3

from ground contact of one foot to ground contact of the same foot in the next step

Question 4

How would you calculate velocity using stride length and cadence?

Answer 4

V= stride length x stride rate / 60

v= side length x stride rate/ 120

Question 5

How does running differ from walking

Answer 5

no double support phase

instead there is a flight phase between single support phases

Question 6

How can you minimise lateral sway

Answer 6

minimise lateral distance between footsteps

Question 7

How do force plates work?

Answer 7

Newtons 3rd law
action- reaction
the force plate transducers convert the force exerted on it into an electrical signal

Question 8

What is pronation

Answer 8

a combo of dorsiflexion, eversion and abduction, allowing foot to adapt to surface and absorb shock

Question 9

What is supination

Answer 9

plantar flexion, inversion and adduction

stabilises foot during take off

Question 10

explain what the features of a running shoe could be

Answer 10

still heel counter, firm midsole and arch support the help control rear foot motion

sole thickness influences shock absorption

Question 11

Name the qualitative analysis stages

Answer 11

Preparation, observation, evaluation, intervention

Question 12

What is the relationship between stroke rate and stroke length

Answer 12

SR x SL = velocity

Question 13

define swimming velocity

Answer 13

the product of stroke rate and stroke length

Question 14

define swimming stroke rate

Answer 14

number of complete cycles of one arm in a minute

Question 15

define swimming stroke length

Answer 15

distance the swimmer moves forward during a stroke cycle

Question 16

Explain how swimmers tend to increase their velocity

Answer 16

increase stroke rate, decrease stroke length

Question 17

How can a swimmer maximise their propulsive force

Answer 17

maximise the magnitude of propulsive forces

Maximise the time of propulsive forces

Question 18

what are the component of propulsion in swimming

Answer 18

drag (acting along the direction of motion)

lift (at right angles to the direction of motion)

Question 19

how can a swimmer minimise resistive impulse

Answer 19

minimise the magnitude of resistive forces
minimise the time of resistive forces
minimise the sectional area of body segments to flow
optimise alignment
optimise shape

Question 20

why is the magnitude of force important in swimming

Answer 20

newtons 3rd law
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
the more force the swimmer exerts the more force the blocks will apply back
skilled athletes use large and strong segment soft the body to exert larger forces

Question 21

why is the duration of force application important?

Answer 21

newtons 2nd law
forces cause acceleration
the mass is constant thus the final velocity of the starts depends on the duration and magnitude of the applied force

Question 22

what is the optimum release angle for swimming

Answer 22

the release heigh is greater than the landing height so optimal angle is less than 45 degrees

Question 23

what should the minimise depth for swimming gliding be

Answer 23

0.4m

too deep will increase time back to the surface, too shallow will increase resistance caused by surface waves

Question 24

approach velocity

Answer 24

maintain food technique and high velocity

Question 25

approach distance

Answer 25

appropriate to allow the body to push from an optimum position after rotating

Question 26

rotation time

Answer 26

keep to a minimum

Question 27

explain what projectile motion is

Answer 27

motion of objects under the influence of gravity and air resistance

Question 28

what are the benefits of pre stretching a muscle before jump

Answer 28

eccentric

increases the force a muscle can produce

Question 29

explain the trade off between size of force and time application

Answer 29

athletes might not be able to apply max force i time is too long/short due to muscle contractile properties and limbs range of motion