Exam questions Flashcards
Define gait
The manner of locomotion
Give examples of types of gait analysis
Kinematics- video analysis, acelerometers, electrognosiometers
Kinetics- GRF, Pressure
Electromyography
Define gait cycle
from ground contact of one foot to ground contact of the same foot in the next step
How would you calculate velocity using stride length and cadence?
V= stride length x stride rate / 60
v= side length x stride rate/ 120
How does running differ from walking
no double support phase
instead there is a flight phase between single support phases
How can you minimise lateral sway
minimise lateral distance between footsteps
How do force plates work?
Newtons 3rd law
action- reaction
the force plate transducers convert the force exerted on it into an electrical signal
What is pronation
a combo of dorsiflexion, eversion and abduction, allowing foot to adapt to surface and absorb shock
What is supination
plantar flexion, inversion and adduction
stabilises foot during take off
explain what the features of a running shoe could be
still heel counter, firm midsole and arch support the help control rear foot motion
sole thickness influences shock absorption
Name the qualitative analysis stages
Preparation, observation, evaluation, intervention
What is the relationship between stroke rate and stroke length
SR x SL = velocity
define swimming velocity
the product of stroke rate and stroke length
define swimming stroke rate
number of complete cycles of one arm in a minute
define swimming stroke length
distance the swimmer moves forward during a stroke cycle
Explain how swimmers tend to increase their velocity
increase stroke rate, decrease stroke length
How can a swimmer maximise their propulsive force
maximise the magnitude of propulsive forces
Maximise the time of propulsive forces
what are the component of propulsion in swimming
drag (acting along the direction of motion)
lift (at right angles to the direction of motion)
how can a swimmer minimise resistive impulse
minimise the magnitude of resistive forces
minimise the time of resistive forces
minimise the sectional area of body segments to flow
optimise alignment
optimise shape
why is the magnitude of force important in swimming
newtons 3rd law
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
the more force the swimmer exerts the more force the blocks will apply back
skilled athletes use large and strong segment soft the body to exert larger forces
why is the duration of force application important?
newtons 2nd law
forces cause acceleration
the mass is constant thus the final velocity of the starts depends on the duration and magnitude of the applied force
what is the optimum release angle for swimming
the release heigh is greater than the landing height so optimal angle is less than 45 degrees
what should the minimise depth for swimming gliding be
0.4m
too deep will increase time back to the surface, too shallow will increase resistance caused by surface waves
approach velocity
maintain food technique and high velocity
approach distance
appropriate to allow the body to push from an optimum position after rotating
rotation time
keep to a minimum
explain what projectile motion is
motion of objects under the influence of gravity and air resistance
what are the benefits of pre stretching a muscle before jump
eccentric
increases the force a muscle can produce
explain the trade off between size of force and time application
athletes might not be able to apply max force i time is too long/short due to muscle contractile properties and limbs range of motion
