Golf

Question 1

fundamentals

Answer 1

club head must reach the correct velocity at impact (often maximum if wanting to hit the ball as far as possible)
Path of the club should be towards the target at impact
Club head must be pointing at target of impact
Ball must be hit off the Centre of Percussion of the club face

Question 2

What is the Centre of percussion?

Answer 2

Place on the club face where all the energy is transferred

Question 3

name the 4 phases of a golf swing

Answer 3

address
backswing
downswing
follow through

Question 4

Address phase aim

Answer 4

Optimal body position and alignment in relation to ball to generate torques and maintain control of swing
Body in position to generate torque and maintain control of swing

Question 5

10 finger grip

Answer 5

grip with 2 hands

Question 6

interlock grip

Answer 6

fingers interlock to make better connection

Question 7

vardon overlap

Answer 7

1 finger over laps (large hands, most common)

Question 8

Golf stance

Answer 8

narrow legs- limited contribution from the legs and hips. Can’t generate as much power
Legs should be width apart (or slightly more-optimum)- for shots requiring max or near max effort
too wide a stance can hamper torque, can’t rotate properly

Question 9

Feet placement

Answer 9

Usually feet aligned to the direction you want the ball to go
Sometime s people are open/closed to the line

Question 10

Open foot placement

Answer 10

left food further back that right
club swings across ball
this puts back spin on the ball and side spin
this takes the ball off to the right
golfer’s body is ‘open’ to target
used deliverability to include a fade
club head path across ball induced clockwise spin
Fade= move the ball slightly off to the right (eg to a void a tree)

Question 11

closed foot placement

Answer 11

golfer's body is 'closed' to the target 
back foot further back 
Makes ball go let in the air 
used to induce a draw impact- clubbed path is across ball inducing anticlockwise spin 
hook- when it goes wrong

Question 12

square foot stance

Answer 12

for straight shot 
feel parallel with body 
90 degrees to line 
hips not close or open 
body facing precisely 90 degrees orthogonal to target line 
rare in professionals

Question 13

backspin phase aim

Answer 13

to put body in best position to start downswing and to allow muscles to generate torque

Question 14

2 ways of taking club away from ball

Answer 14

where the club and shoulders act together

move the wrist early then take away

Question 15

‘take away’ club head from ball

Answer 15

can be ‘one piece’ (wrists don’t hinge)
or 2 piece (wrists hinge early)
range determined by left shoulders and spine
trunk rotated approx 90 degrees from original position
allows maximum range and torque development for accurate and powerful downswing

Question 16

x factor

Answer 16

idea is to generate rotation and therefore clubs head velocity
difference between where shoulders and hips are at the top of the backswing
if you draw a line between hips and shoulders, hips rotate slightly, shoulders more so
difference between 2 is important

Question 17

x factor example

Answer 17

shoulders 90 degrees to original position, hips turned 20
xfactor= 70
McLean suggested this generates speed
Greater difference between hips and shoulders, greater potential rotation and velocity. Should limit hip rotation, maximise shoulder rotation
Gain torque from the swing
Greater the difference between hip and should at top of the swing= greater potential of club head velocity

Question 18

x factor sequencing

Answer 18

downswing- first move the hips (increases x factor event more= x factor stretch) then shoulders, arms , club
sequencing effect allows us to increase the speed, increase torque from big muscles to small from proximal to distal

Question 19

x factor factors

Answer 19

CM moves towards direct we want ball to move
Back swing less than half the time of the downswing
more pronounced leading/rotating hips in professionals
continued shoulder rotation away from flat increases stretch further
CoM moving in intended direction of ball flight—> increases speed of impact

Question 20

Downswing phase aim

Answer 20

return club head to ball in correct plan with max velocity

Question 21

Wrist kocking

Answer 21

transfers rotation from body to club head
wrist joint expects to influence final club head speed
passive wrist action i.e. proximal joint action aligns clubshaft in desired vertical position

Question 22

pressure

Answer 22

the forces exerted between 2 surface in contact
force/area
pressure is directly proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to the area of contact
if the applied force remains constant, increasing the area of contact will decrease the pressure