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Patient Care III > Sweetners (FINAL REVIEW) > Flashcards

Sweetners (FINAL REVIEW) Flashcards

1
Q

Alternative sweetener classifications include:

A
  1. polyols
  2. intense sweetners
  3. nonnutritive sweeteners
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2
Q

Sugar alcohols=

A

polyols

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3
Q

Polyols are ____ the caloric content of sucrose

A

40%

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4
Q

Polyols have physical characteristics similar to:

A

sucrose

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5
Q

List the types of polyols: (4)

A
  1. sorbitol
  2. mannitol
  3. erythritol
  4. xylitol
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6
Q

Type of polyol that occurs naturally in fruits and berries:

A

sorbitol

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7
Q

Sorbitol is only as ____% as sweet as sucrose

A

60%

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8
Q

Discuss the cariogenicity of the polyol sorbitol:

A

Yes- sorbitol is considered noncariogenic, however, it is slowly fermented by S. mutans

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9
Q

When is sorbitol shown to be cariogenic (even though it is considered noncariogenic)?

A

shown to be cariogenic in patient with decreased salivary gland function

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10
Q

Sorbitol can cause ____ if large quantities are digested

A

GI issues

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11
Q

Naturally occurring polyol found in seaweed:

A

mannitol

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12
Q

Discuss the cariogenicity of the polyol mannitol:

A

Virtually no cariogenic activity due to slow metabolization from oral microorganisms

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13
Q

Used as a dusting agent for chewing gum and bulking agent in powdered foods:

A

Mannitol

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14
Q

Mannitol is ____% of the relative sweetness of sugar

A

50-70%

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15
Q

Lingers in intestines and may cause bloating/diarrhea:

A

mannitol

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16
Q

Polyol that is safe for diabetics as it does not affect blood glucose levels after ingestion:

A

erythritol

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17
Q

Sweetness level of erythritol is ____% of sucrose

A

60-80%

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18
Q

Erythritol s a sugar alcohol (polyol) containing:

A

zero calories

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19
Q

When erythritol is eating in excessive amounts:

A

may cause GI discomfort

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20
Q

Discuss the cariogenicity of the polyol erythritol:

A

Noncariogenic; inhibits the growth of strep mutans

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21
Q

A naturally occurring caloric 5-carbon sugar alcohol:

A

xylitol

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22
Q

Discuss the cariogenicity of xylitol:

A

Nonfermentable by oral bacterial (noncariogenic); exhibits antibacterial properties

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23
Q

Produced commercially from birch trees, corncobs and the waste from sugar cane:

A

xylitol

24
Q

The sweetness of this polyol approximates that of sucrose, however it is 10x more costly to produce:

A

xylitol

25
Q

Primarily used in chewing gum, mints, mouthiness, toothpaste, and sometimes found in syrup and candy

A

xylitol

26
Q

What polyol stimulates salivary secretion?

A

xylitol

27
Q

Describe xylitol effects as an antibacterial (3):

A
  1. decreases bacterial metabolism and produces a drop in dental plaque pH
  2. promotes the selection of xylitol-resistant mutans streptococci
  3. Stimulates salivary secretion
28
Q

Xylitol-containing products should be recommended in addition to ____ for patient based caries management with xylitol

A

daily fluoride exposure

29
Q

At least ____ per day is needed to achieve optimum therapeutic effect on S. mutans

A

5g of xylitol per day

30
Q

Describe daily intake of xylitol for patient-based caries management:

A

5g per day

  • daily intake should be divided into 3 or 4 doses with exposure time of 5-10 minutes with each dose
31
Q

T/F: Xylitol products that actively stimulate salivary flow should be recommended

A

True

32
Q

T/F: Products should ideally have xylitol in combination with other sweeteners for caries management

A

False- products should ideally have xylitol as single sweetener

33
Q

When recommending xylitol products be sure to make it known to patients that:

A

xylitol is highly toxic to dogs

34
Q

List the types of intense sweeteners: (3)

A
  1. Sucralose
  2. Aspartame
  3. Saccharin
35
Q

Saccharin is ____ times sweeter than sucrose

A

200-700x

36
Q

Discuss the nutrition benefits and cariogenicity of saccharin:

A

non-nutritive & noncariogenic

37
Q

The oldest artificial sweetener used in the US (Sweet ā€˜Nā€™ Low)

A

Saccharin

38
Q

Saccarin is used as a sweetener in some:

A

toothpastes

39
Q

Aspartame is ___ times sweeter than sucrose

A

200x

40
Q

_____ account from more than 70% of aspartame consumption

A

soft drinks

41
Q

The FDA requires foods containing aspartame to have the following label:

A

PHENYLKETONURICS: CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE

42
Q

The FDA requires foods containing ____ to have the label: PHENYLKETONURICS: CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE

A

aspartame

43
Q

Sucralose is ____ times sweeter than sucrose

A

600x

44
Q

Discuss the nutrition and cariogenicity of Sucralose:

A

Noncariogenic & non-nutritive

45
Q

An intense sweetener that is poorly absorbed and is largely excreted the feces and urine, unchanged:

A

Sucralose

46
Q

Which intense sweeter has no carciongenic risks posed to humans?

A

sucralose

47
Q

Nonnutritive sweeteners include: (2)

A
  1. Stevioside (Stevia)
  2. Monk fruit
48
Q

Natural sweetener extracted from the leaves of a shrub found in south America:

A

stevioside (stevia)

49
Q

Stevioside (stevia) is ____ times sweeter than table sugar

A

100-300

50
Q

Stevia is heat stable so it is good for:

A

baking

51
Q

Discuss the cariogenicity of stevioside (stevia):

A

Supports the prevention of caries; streptococcus mutans experience growth suppression and secrete less acid with presence of stevia

52
Q

FDA approved stevioside in 2008 and categorized it as:

A

Generally recognized as safe (GRAS)

53
Q

Monk fruit is a ____ sweetener extracted from monk fruit

A

natural, zero-calorie

54
Q

Monk fruit is high in antioxidants, called ____- making it ____ times sweeter than table sugar

A

mogropides; 100-250x

55
Q

Used for centuries in Chinese medicine and the FDA approved it as a sweetener in 2010

A

monk fruit

56
Q
A

Patient Care III (16 decks)

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