Sweetners (FINAL REVIEW) Flashcards
Alternative sweetener classifications include:
- polyols
- intense sweetners
- nonnutritive sweeteners
Sugar alcohols=
polyols
Polyols are ____ the caloric content of sucrose
40%
Polyols have physical characteristics similar to:
sucrose
List the types of polyols: (4)
- sorbitol
- mannitol
- erythritol
- xylitol
Type of polyol that occurs naturally in fruits and berries:
sorbitol
Sorbitol is only as ____% as sweet as sucrose
60%
Discuss the cariogenicity of the polyol sorbitol:
Yes- sorbitol is considered noncariogenic, however, it is slowly fermented by S. mutans
When is sorbitol shown to be cariogenic (even though it is considered noncariogenic)?
shown to be cariogenic in patient with decreased salivary gland function
Sorbitol can cause ____ if large quantities are digested
GI issues
Naturally occurring polyol found in seaweed:
mannitol
Discuss the cariogenicity of the polyol mannitol:
Virtually no cariogenic activity due to slow metabolization from oral microorganisms
Used as a dusting agent for chewing gum and bulking agent in powdered foods:
Mannitol
Mannitol is ____% of the relative sweetness of sugar
50-70%
Lingers in intestines and may cause bloating/diarrhea:
mannitol
Polyol that is safe for diabetics as it does not affect blood glucose levels after ingestion:
erythritol
Sweetness level of erythritol is ____% of sucrose
60-80%
Erythritol s a sugar alcohol (polyol) containing:
zero calories
When erythritol is eating in excessive amounts:
may cause GI discomfort
Discuss the cariogenicity of the polyol erythritol:
Noncariogenic; inhibits the growth of strep mutans
A naturally occurring caloric 5-carbon sugar alcohol:
xylitol
Discuss the cariogenicity of xylitol:
Nonfermentable by oral bacterial (noncariogenic); exhibits antibacterial properties
Produced commercially from birch trees, corncobs and the waste from sugar cane:
xylitol
The sweetness of this polyol approximates that of sucrose, however it is 10x more costly to produce:
xylitol
Primarily used in chewing gum, mints, mouthiness, toothpaste, and sometimes found in syrup and candy
xylitol
What polyol stimulates salivary secretion?
xylitol
Describe xylitol effects as an antibacterial (3):
- decreases bacterial metabolism and produces a drop in dental plaque pH
- promotes the selection of xylitol-resistant mutans streptococci
- Stimulates salivary secretion
Xylitol-containing products should be recommended in addition to ____ for patient based caries management with xylitol
daily fluoride exposure
At least ____ per day is needed to achieve optimum therapeutic effect on S. mutans
5g of xylitol per day
Describe daily intake of xylitol for patient-based caries management:
5g per day
- daily intake should be divided into 3 or 4 doses with exposure time of 5-10 minutes with each dose
T/F: Xylitol products that actively stimulate salivary flow should be recommended
True
T/F: Products should ideally have xylitol in combination with other sweeteners for caries management
False- products should ideally have xylitol as single sweetener
When recommending xylitol products be sure to make it known to patients that:
xylitol is highly toxic to dogs
List the types of intense sweeteners: (3)
- Sucralose
- Aspartame
- Saccharin
Saccharin is ____ times sweeter than sucrose
200-700x
Discuss the nutrition benefits and cariogenicity of saccharin:
non-nutritive & noncariogenic
The oldest artificial sweetener used in the US (Sweet āNā Low)
Saccharin
Saccarin is used as a sweetener in some:
toothpastes
Aspartame is ___ times sweeter than sucrose
200x
_____ account from more than 70% of aspartame consumption
soft drinks
The FDA requires foods containing aspartame to have the following label:
PHENYLKETONURICS: CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE
The FDA requires foods containing ____ to have the label: PHENYLKETONURICS: CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE
aspartame
Sucralose is ____ times sweeter than sucrose
600x
Discuss the nutrition and cariogenicity of Sucralose:
Noncariogenic & non-nutritive
An intense sweetener that is poorly absorbed and is largely excreted the feces and urine, unchanged:
Sucralose
Which intense sweeter has no carciongenic risks posed to humans?
sucralose
Nonnutritive sweeteners include: (2)
- Stevioside (Stevia)
- Monk fruit
Natural sweetener extracted from the leaves of a shrub found in south America:
stevioside (stevia)
Stevioside (stevia) is ____ times sweeter than table sugar
100-300
Stevia is heat stable so it is good for:
baking
Discuss the cariogenicity of stevioside (stevia):
Supports the prevention of caries; streptococcus mutans experience growth suppression and secrete less acid with presence of stevia
FDA approved stevioside in 2008 and categorized it as:
Generally recognized as safe (GRAS)
Monk fruit is a ____ sweetener extracted from monk fruit
natural, zero-calorie
Monk fruit is high in antioxidants, called ____- making it ____ times sweeter than table sugar
mogropides; 100-250x
Used for centuries in Chinese medicine and the FDA approved it as a sweetener in 2010
monk fruit
