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Patient Care III > Plaque Biofilm (FINAL REVIEW) > Flashcards

Plaque Biofilm (FINAL REVIEW) Flashcards

1
Q

A layer of living organisms that can attach to a solid object:

A

biofilm

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2
Q

Biofilm is:

  1. Composed of ____
  2. Encased within ____
  3. ____ in content
  4. Frequently contain ____
A
  1. microbial cells
  2. matrix that acts as a barrier
  3. diverse
  4. micro colonies of bacterial cells
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3
Q

Surrounds the bacteria within the plaque biofilm (acts as a barrier)

A

plaque matrix

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4
Q

The plaque matrix is composed of:

A

inorganic and organic components that originate from bacteria

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5
Q

The MAJOR components of plaque matrix:

A

polysaccharides derived from bacterial metabolism of carbs

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6
Q

The MINOR components of plaque matrix:

A

salivary glycoproteins

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7
Q

List the organic components of biofilm:

A
  1. polysaccharides
  2. proteins
  3. lipid material
  4. glycoproteins
  5. DNA
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8
Q

List the inorganic components of biofilm:

A
  1. Calcium
  2. Phosphorus
  3. Trace amounts of sodium, potassium & fluoride
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9
Q

non-mineralized; naturally acquired bacterial biofilm that develops on teeth

A

dental plaque

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10
Q

Dental plaque is a ____ biofilm

A

multi-species

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11
Q

Sticky colorless film which constantly forms our teeth:

A

dental plaque

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12
Q

How may dental plaque be removed?

A

with mechanical force such as brushing or flossing

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13
Q

Supragingival plaque-

  1. The initial growth occurs:
  2. The later growth occurs:
A
  1. along gingival margins and interdental spaces
  2. further extension in the coronal direction
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14
Q

What does materia alba consist of?

A
  1. salivary proteins
  2. bacteria
  3. desquamated epithelial cells
  4. disintegrating food debris
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15
Q

Plaque that becomes mineralized by calcium and phosphate salts from saliva:

A

calculus

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16
Q

What components from saliva allow plaque to mineralize?

A

calcium & phosphate salts

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17
Q

____ plays a major role in periodontitis because it keeps plaque close to gingival tissues and makes it difficult to remove the irritant

A

calculus

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18
Q

T/F: CALCULUS is NOT the irritant, PLAQUE is

A

True

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19
Q

Can calculus be removed with a toothbrush or floss?

A

No- must be removed professionally

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20
Q

Mineralization of plaque starts in the ____ and eventually occurs within the ____

A

intercellular matrix; bacterial cells

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21
Q

Calculus is composed of ____ % inorganic components and ___% organic components

A

70-90% inorganic
10-30% organic

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22
Q

What are the 4 main crystal forms of calculus?

A
  1. hydroxyapatite (58%)
  2. magnesium whitlockite (21%)
  3. octacalcum phosphate (12%)
  4. brushite (9%)
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23
Q

Mineralization starts between days ____ of plaque formation

A

1-14

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24
Q

T/F: All plaque eventually undergoes mineralization

A

false- all plaque does not undergo mineralizatoin

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25
Q

What are the mineral sources that aid in the mineralization of calculus

A

supra gingival: saliva

subgingival: GCF and inflammatory exudate

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26
Q

The supra gingival mineral source that aids in the mineralization of calculus:

A

saliva

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27
Q

The subgingival mineral source that aids in the mineralization of calculus:

A

GCF and inflammatory exudate

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28
Q

Supragingival calculus is ____ to the gingival margin

A

coronalS

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29
Q

supragingival calculus is ___ in color

A

white or yellow

30
Q

Supragingival calculus derives minerals form:

A

the saliva

31
Q

Supragingival calculus is commonly found adjacent to:

A

salivary gland ducs

32
Q

Approximately ___% of supra gingival calculus is minberalized

A

30%

33
Q

Subgingival calculus is located:

A

below the crest of marginal gingiva; not clinically visible

34
Q

What is best for detecting subgingival calculus?

A

explorer and radiographs

35
Q

Subgingival calculus derives minerals from:

A

inflammatory exudate

36
Q

Describe the color of subgingival calculus:

A

dense, dark brown or black due to blood components and/or bacterial degredation

37
Q

Subgingival calculus can be ___ and ___ to the tooth

A

tenacious and firmly attached

38
Q

what percentage of subgingival calculus is mineralized?

A

approximately 60%

39
Q

How does calculus form/ attach to cementum?

A
  1. organic pellicle
  2. mechanical locking into surface irregularities
  3. close adaptation to gentle depression or sloping mounts of unaltered cementum
  4. bacterial penetration into cementum surfaces
40
Q

What are the phases of dental plaque accumulation?

A
  1. formation of pellicle on tooth surface
  2. initial adhesion/attachment of bacteria
  3. colonization/plaque maturation
41
Q

Put the following phases of dental plaque accumulation in order:

  • initial adhesion/attachment of bacteria
  • colonization/plaque maturation
  • formation of pellicle on tooth surface
A
  1. formation of pellicle on tooth surface
  2. initial adhesion/attachment of bacteria
  3. colonization/plaque maturation
42
Q

The formation of an acquired pellicle origination from the:

A

saliva

43
Q

Within how long from being removed does an acquired pellicle begin to form?

A

within 1 min

44
Q

The acquired pellicle is ____ in nature and consists primarily of ___

A

acellular; glycoproteins

45
Q

Colonization of the acquired pellicle serves as a ___ for bacteria

A

nutrient

46
Q

It takes approximately ____ for the acquired pellicle to develop into its condensed, mature form

A

7 days

47
Q

The initial adhesion/attachment of bacteria to the acquired pellicle occurs:

A

as soon as the bacteria is introduced into the mouth

48
Q

With the initial adhesion/attachment of bacteria to the acquired pellicle, primary colonizers provide:

A

binding sites for other bacteria

49
Q

What are the 3 phases of bacteria colonization onto the acquired pellicle?

A
  1. transport to the surface
  2. initial reversible adhesion
  3. strong attachment

(TIS the season to colonize to this pellicle)

50
Q

With maturation of the plaque, ____ occurs because of bacteria attaching to primary colonizing bacteria

A

coadhesions

51
Q

With maturation of the plaque, coadhesions lead to growth of:

A

micro colonies and this, biofilm

52
Q

List the following steps of plaque formation in order:

  1. Maturation
  2. Initial ahdesion
  3. Pellicle formation
  4. Dispersion
A
  1. Pellicle formation
  2. Initial adhesion
  3. Maturation
  4. Dispersion
53
Q

List the four functions of the acquired pellicle:

A
  1. protection
  2. lubrication
  3. nidus for bacteria
  4. aides in the attachment of calculus
54
Q

Which of the four functions of the acquired pellicle is being described?

  • provides a barrier against acids, thus reducing dental caries attack
A

Protective

55
Q

Which of the four functions of the acquired pellicle is being described?

Keeps surfaces moist, prevents drying

A

lubrications

56
Q

Which of the four functions of the acquired pellicle is being described?

Key role in development of plaque

A

Nidus for bacteria

57
Q

Stage 1 of biofilm formation:

A

pellicle formation

58
Q

Stage 2 of biofilm formation:

A

bacterial colonization

59
Q

Stage 3 of biofilm formation:

A

plaque maturation

60
Q

What stage and day of biofilm formation is gingivitis clincally evident?

A

Stage 3- Plaque maturation

Days 14-24

61
Q

The initial colonizers of plaque formation:

A

gram + aerobic and facultative organisms

(actinomyces & streptococcus)

62
Q

The secondary colonizers of plaque formation:

A

P. intermedia
P. gingivalis
Capnocytophaga
Spirochetes
Motile rods
Gram - anaerobic organisms

63
Q

The secondary colonizers of dental plaque (p. intermedia, p. gingivalis, capnocytophaga, spirochetes, motile rods, and gram - anaerobic organisms are the:

A

etiologic initiators of caries and periodontitis

64
Q

Are the initial colonizers or secondary colonizers of bacterial species found in plaque the etiologic initiators of caries and periodontitis?

A

Secondary colonizers

65
Q

When energy sources are introduce (sucrose) to the microorganisms in the plaque biofilm, the microorganisms produce:

A
  1. Acid
  2. Intracellular polysaccharides
  3. Extracellular polysaccharides
66
Q

Factors affecting plaque accumulation:

A
  1. mechanical removal
  2. availability of nutrients
  3. undisturbed environment
  4. interaction between bacteria and host immune response
67
Q

T/F: Organisms in biofilm are 100x more resistant to antibiotics

A

false- 1000-1500x more resistant

68
Q

What makes the bacterial species in a biolfim less susceptible to antibiotics?

A

slower rate of growth of bacterial species

69
Q

How long does it take before plaque is clinically visible

A

days (2)

70
Q

T/F: Dental plaque is NOT a derivative of food debris

A

true

71
Q

Summary:

  1. Plaque cannot be removed by spraying water
  2. As plaque matures, it becomes resistant to mechanical removal
  3. Biofilm forms in 3 stages and matures within 14-24 days
  4. As bacteria search for nutrients, they migrate sub gingivally
  5. Host defends itself via inflammatory response; gingivitis is initiated
A

Patient Care III (16 decks)

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