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Patient Care III > Etiology of Periodontal Diseases (FINAL REVIEW) > Flashcards

Etiology of Periodontal Diseases (FINAL REVIEW) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe healthy gingiva:

A
  • firm & resistant
  • coral pink
  • scalloped gingival margin
  • peaked/pointed interdental papilla
  • stippled surface texture
  • no BOP
  • consistent with good oral hygeine
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2
Q

Lingering biofilm on a healthy tooth results in:

A

inflammatory process

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3
Q

_____ persists as long as biofilm is present around gingival tissues

A

local inflammation

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4
Q

When does the inflammation of gingiva caused by biofilm resolve?

A

RESOLVES after removal of biofilm

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5
Q

Inflammation of the gingival tissues

A

gingivitis

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6
Q

Gingivitis affects more than ____ % of the population

A

82%

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7
Q

Is gingivitis reversible?

A

yes

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8
Q

What is the PRIMARY etiologic factor of gingivitis?

A

Plaque

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9
Q

Characterized by:
- inflammation of gingival margins and interdental papilla
- redness
- BOP
- NO attachment loss

A

gingivitis

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10
Q

What is the most common form of gingival disease?

A

dental plaque-induced gingival disease

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11
Q

Dental-plaque induced gingival diseases may occurs:

A

without attachment loss or on a reduced periodontium

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12
Q

In dental-plaque induced gingival disease, the inflammatory lesion is:

A

within the gingiva

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13
Q

T/F: Dental Plaque-induced gingival diseases are not associated with progressive attachment loss

A

true

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14
Q

Result of the microbial challenge between bacteria in plaque biofilm and host response

A

gingivitis associated with dental plaque only

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15
Q

Cessation of oral hygiene leads to gingivitis within ____ in healthy adults

A

2-3 weeks

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16
Q

Gingivitis associated with dental plaque only is histologically characterized by: (4)

A
  1. dense infiltrates of lymphocytes
  2. mononuclear cell fibroblast alterations
  3. increased vascular permeablility
  4. continuing loss of collagen in response to the microbial challenge
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17
Q

The following are histological signs of:

  1. dense infiltrates of lymphocytes
  2. mononuclear cell fibroblast alterations
  3. increased vascular permeablility
  4. continuing loss of collagen in response to the microbial challenge
A

gingivitis associated with dental plaque only

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18
Q

What is the primary etiologic factor for gingivitis?

A

plaque

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19
Q

What can alter the severity/duration of the inflammatory response of gingivitis associated with dental plaque only?

A

modifying local or systemic factors

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20
Q

Gingivitis associated with dental plaque only is fully ____ in healthy persons once:

A

reversible; once local factors and microbial load around teeth are reduced

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21
Q

What are the systemic factors that may modify gingival health and disease?

A

endocrine changes- puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, diabetes

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22
Q

Specifically what aspects of gingival health and disease are altered by systemic factors?

A

hosts cellular and immunological functions

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23
Q

What is pregnancy induced gingivitis caused by?

A

primarily caused by hormonal imbalances associated with pregnancies

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24
Q

What percent of pregnancies experience pregnancy induced gingivitis?

A

more than 30%

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25
Q

Describe pregnancy induced gingivitis:

A

characterized by mild to severe gingival inflammation as well as pain, some cases may have significant hyperplasia and bleeding and resolves itself after delivery

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26
Q

What bacteria is responsible for pregnancy induced gingivitis?

A

P. Intermedia

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27
Q

Gingival diseases may be modified by medications, give an example:

A

gingival overgrowth due to anticonvulsant drugs

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28
Q

List the anticonvulsant drugs that may cause gingival overgrowth:

A
  1. Phenytoin
  2. Immunosupressive drugs (cyclosporin)
  3. calcium channel blockers (Nifedipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem, and Sodium valproate)
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29
Q

Give an example of a gingival disease being modified by malnutrition:

A

bright red, swollen, bleeding gingiva associated with vitamin C deficiency

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30
Q

T/F: Non-plaque induced gingival disease are more common than plaque-induced gingivitis

A

False- less common

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31
Q

What category of gingival diseases encompasses lesions of autoimmune or idiopathic etiology manifesting on the gingiva?

A

non-plaque-induced gingival diseases

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32
Q

Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, assailed with sloughing gingival tissues, & painful ulcerations of the gingiva is an example of:

A

non-plaque-induced gingival diseases (autoimmune/idiopathic etiology)

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33
Q

Gingival disease of bacterial, viral, fungal, genetic, systemic, foreign body or traumatic origins fall under what category of gingival disease?

A

Non-plaque-induced gingival diseases

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34
Q

Confined the the gingiva of a single tooth or group of teeth, affecting LESS THAN 30% of remaining teeth

A

Localized gingivitis

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35
Q

Gingivitis that involves MORE THAN 30% of remaining teeth:

A

Generalized gingivitis

36
Q

Gingivitis that involves the gingival margin:

A

Marginal gingiviitis

37
Q

Gingivitis that involves interdental papillae, often extending into adjacent portion of the gingival margin:

A

Papillary gingivitis

38
Q

The earliest signs of gingivitis often occur:

A

In the papillae

39
Q

Gingivitis that affects the gingival margin, attached gingiva, and interdental papillae:

A

Diffuse gingivitis

40
Q

Two earliest signs of gingival inflammation that PRECEDE established gingivitis are:

A
  1. increased GCF
  2. Increased bleeding from gingival sulcus on gentle probing
41
Q

When one experiences BOP, where is the bleeding coming from?

A

junctional epithelium and gingival sulcus

42
Q

BOP is easily detectible/valuable for:

A

early diagnosis and prevention of advanced gingivitis

43
Q

T/F: BOP appears earlier than change in color or other visual signs of inflammation

44
Q

What does BOP indicate?

A

Inflammatory lesion in the epithelium of connective tissue

45
Q

What type of sign is BOP for the examiner?

46
Q

T/F: The absence of BOP is desirable as it implies low risk of attachment loss

47
Q

What is BOP used to measure (on the patients end)

48
Q

What is a situation where someone might have suppression of gingival inflammatory response affecting BOP?

A

Cig smokers

49
Q

What medications may increase bleeding tendencies of gingival tissues?

A
  1. Antiplatelet medications (Aspirin)
  2. Anticoagulants (Warfarin or Eliquis)
50
Q

What effects would Aspirin, Warfarin, or Eliquis have on the the gingival tissues?

A

increased bleeding tendencies

51
Q

Gingivitis noted in the maxillary buccal area may be due to the patient:

A

mouth breathing

52
Q

Describe the gingiva of a mouth breather?

A

Maxillary buccal area gingivitis; characterized by red, shiny, edematous

53
Q

Increase in the number of cells in a tissue resulting in increased tissue volume:

A

Hyperplasia

More cells come to play!

54
Q

Increase in tissue size and volume resulting from increased cell size:

A

Hypertrophy

The body builder wants a trophy!

55
Q

Pathologic process in which disrupted wound healing is associated with defective cell proliferation:

56
Q

Inflammatory response affecting ONLY the gingiva:

A

Gingivitis

57
Q

Follows gingivitis:

A

Periodontitis

58
Q

Not reversible:

A

Periodontitis

59
Q

Occurs because of biofilm (plaque) accumulation that is not removed:

A

Gingivitis

60
Q

Reversible:

A

Gingivitis

61
Q

Precedes periodontitis, but does not always progress to periodontitis:

A

Gingivitis

62
Q

Inflammatory process that extends to affect the PDL an alveolar bone resulting in clinical attachment loss (CAL)

A

Periodontitis

63
Q

Can be stabilized and maintained with gingival health on reduced periodontium:

A

Periodontitis

64
Q

Chronic inflammation of the gingival tissues resulting in breakdown of surrounding periodontal tissues:

A

periodontitis

65
Q

Periodontitis can be described as: (2 terms)

A

complex and multifactorial

66
Q

Periodontitis is initiated by ____ of biofilm and ___ by the host response

A

dysbiosis; modulated

67
Q

What is periodontitis characterized by? (2)

A
  1. Bone loss
  2. Apical migration of the JE
68
Q

Clinically healthy gingival tissues; develops within 2-4 days of plaque accumulation:

A

Initial lesion

69
Q

What is the timeline of an initial lesion forming?

70
Q

Early gingivitis that is clinically evident. Develops approximately 1-2 weeks of continued plaque accumulation:

A

Early lesion

71
Q

What is the timeline for an early lesion forming?

A

1-2 weeks of continued plaque accumulation

72
Q

In what stage is early gingivitis clinically evident?

A

early lesion

73
Q

Describe the gingival tissues in the initial lesion:

A

clinically healthy

74
Q

Established chronic gingivitis. Progression to this stage is dependent on many factors:

A

Established lesion

75
Q

In what stage is chronic gingivitis present?

A

Established lesion

76
Q

Transition from gingivitis to periodontitis. Progression to this stage is depended on many factors.

A

Advanced lesion

77
Q

Features of the JE:

  1. Acts as a _____ against plaque bacteria
  2. _____ in nature
  3. Attached to the tooth by ____ and to connective tissue by ____
  4. Exhibits ____ to cells, gingival fluid, and host defense molecules.
  5. _____ rate of cellular proliferation and turnover
A
  1. physical barrier
  2. stratified squamous nonkeratinized
  3. internal basal lamina; external basal lamina
  4. higher permeability
  5. high
78
Q

A pocket caused by bone loss associated with apical migration of the JE:

A

Periodontal pocket (a true pocket)

79
Q

When the bottom of a periodontal pocket is coronal to the crest of the alveolar bone:

80
Q

When the bottom of a periodontal pocket is apical to the crest of the alveolar bone:

81
Q

Psueopockets are ALWAYS ____

82
Q

Complete periodontal assessment requires:

A
  1. description of clinical appearance of soft tissues
  2. probing depths
  3. plaque and bleeding index
  4. recession/ CAL
  5. radiographs
83
Q

Primary etiology of periodontal disease:

A

plaque in a susceptible host

84
Q

Secondary etiology of periodontal disease:

A

local/environmental factors

85
Q
  • calculus
  • carious lesions
  • food impaction
  • furcations
  • malpositioned teeth
  • occlusal trauma
  • orthodontics
  • overhangs
  • poor crown margins

These are all:

A

Local contributing factors to periodontitis

CCFFMOOP

86
Q
  • age
  • cardiovascular disease
  • diabetes
  • genetics
  • immuno-compromised
  • medication
  • nutritional deficiencies
  • obesity
  • smoking
  • stress

These are all:

A

Systemic factors to periodontal disease

87
Q

The primary bacteria associated with periodontitis include: (5)

A
  1. Aggregatibacter actinomysetemcomitan
  2. P. Gingivalis
  3. P. Intermedia
  4. T. forsythia
  5. T. Denticola

Patient Care III (16 decks)

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