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Patient Care III > Grasp, Fulcrum, Periodontal Instruments & Probing > Flashcards

Grasp, Fulcrum, Periodontal Instruments & Probing Flashcards

1
Q

Grasp for holding periodontal instruments that allows precise control of the working-end, permits a wide range of movement and facilitates good tactile conduction:

A

the modified pen grasp

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2
Q

This image shows:

A

the modified pen grasp

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3
Q

In the modified pen grasp, ___ & ___ hold the instrument

A

thumb & index finger

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4
Q

In the modified pen grasp, the ____ stabilizes

A

middle finger

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5
Q

In the modified pen grasp, the ___ is used to fulcrum (hinge/pivot)

A

ring finger

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6
Q

In the modified pen grasp, the ___ is used to roll the instrument

A

thumb

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7
Q

In the modified pen grasp, fingers maintain contact and work together to:

A

adapt the instrument

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8
Q

Where does movement come from in the modified pen grasp?

A

the wrist

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9
Q

Placement on the instrument functioning to hold the instrument

A

Index & thumb

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10
Q

Placement rests lightly on the shank, functions to help guide the working-end and feels vibrations transmitted from the working-end to the shank:

A

middle finger

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11
Q

Placement is on oral structure (often a tooth surface) and functions to stabilize the hand for control & strength:

A

ring finger

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12
Q

Placement near ring finger, held in a natural, relaxed manner and has no function in the grasp:

A

pinky finger

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13
Q

Stabilizing point for a clinician’s hand during instrumentation:

A

fulcrum

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14
Q

The 3 types of fulcruming techniques include:

A
  1. intraoral
  2. extraoral
  3. advanced
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15
Q

_____ fulcrums provide the best stability for the clinician’s hand, decreases the likelihood of injury to the patient or clinician, and provides the best leverage and strength during instrumentation:

A

standard intraoral fulcrum

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16
Q

A stabilizing point inside the patient’s mouth against a tooth surface:

A

intraoral fulcrum

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17
Q

A stabilizing point outside the patients mouth (e.g., against the patient’s chin or cheek)

A

extraoral fulcrum

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18
Q

What fulcrum is being shown in the image?

A

intraoral fulcrum

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19
Q

Intraoral fulcrums can be ___ or ___

A

palm-up or palm-down

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20
Q

This image shows:

A

advanced fulcrum

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21
Q

Parts of the periodontal instrument include: (3)

A
  1. handle
  2. shank
  3. working-end
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22
Q

Part of the periodontal instrument that is used for holding the instrument:

A

handle

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23
Q

Part of the periodontal instrument that is the rod-shaped length of metal located between the handle and working-end of an instrument:

A

shank

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24
Q

Part of the periodontal instrument that does the work of the instrument:

A

working-end

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25
Q

Label the following portions of the periodontal instrument:

A

A- handle
B- shank
C- working end

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26
Q

Label the following portions of the periodontal instrument:

A

A- handle
B- shank
C- working end

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27
Q

Label the following portions of the periodontal instrument:

A

A- handle
B- shank
C- working end

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28
Q

The parts of the shank include:

A
  1. functional shank
  2. terminal shank
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29
Q

The part of the shank that allows the working-end to be adapted to the tooth surface; begins below the working-end and extends to the last bend in the shank nearest the handle:

A

functional shank

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30
Q

The portion of the functional shank nearest to the working-end:

A

terminal shank

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31
Q

Label the following parts of the shank:

A

A- terminal shank
B- working-end
C- functional shank

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32
Q

A shank that is bent in one plane (front-to-back)

A

simple shank

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33
Q

A simple shank can also be called:

A

straight shank

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34
Q

Simple shanks are used primarily on:

A

anterior teeth

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35
Q

What type of shank is seen in the following image?

A

simple shank

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36
Q

What type of shank is seen in the following image?

A

complex shank

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37
Q

A shank that has been bent in two planes (front-to-back and side-to-side)

A

Complex shank

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38
Q

A complex shank may also be called:

A

angled/curved shank

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39
Q

A complex shank is used on:

A

posterior teeth

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40
Q

When determining if your shank is simple or complex, hold the instrument so that the:

A

working-end is facing you

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41
Q

If an instrument (shank) when viewed from the front appears to be straight, this is a:

A

simple shank

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42
Q

If an instrument (shank) when viewed from the front appears to be bent from side-to-side, this is a:

A

complex shank

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43
Q

Label which shank is simple and which is complex:

A

A) simple
B) complex

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44
Q

The function of an instrument is determined, primarily, by the:

A

design of the working-end

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45
Q

The two main types of periodontal hand instruments include:

A
  1. sickle scalers
  2. currettes
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46
Q

Sickle scalers are ___ in cross-section of the blade

A

triangular

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47
Q

What type of scaling are sickle scalers used for?

A

supragingival

48
Q

How many cutting edges are present on a sickle scaler?

A

2

49
Q

Curettes are ___ in cross-section of the blade:

A

rounded

50
Q

What type of scaling are curettes used for?

A

supra- and subgingival scaling

51
Q

____ & _____ curette instruments are available

A

universal & area-specific

52
Q

How many cutting edges are present on universal curettes?

A

2

53
Q

How many cutting edges are present on area-specific curettes?

A

1

54
Q

The end of a sick scaler is a ____, while the end of a curette is a ____

A

tip; toe

55
Q

What are the arrows pointing to in the following images?

A

cutting edges

56
Q

Describe the following aspects of a sickle scaler:

End:
Cutting-edge:
Angulation:
Cross-section
Blade:

A

End: pointed toe
Cutting-edge: 2
Angulation: 90 degrees
Cross-section: triangular
Blade: straight

57
Q

Describe the following aspects of a universal curette:

End:
Cutting-edge:
Angulation:
Cross-section
Blade:

A

End: rounded
Cutting-edge: 2
Angulation: 90 degrees
Cross-section: half elliptical
Blade: straight

58
Q

Describe the following aspects of an area-specific curette (Gracey’s Curette):

End:
Cutting-edge:
Angulation:
Cross-section
Blade:

A

End: rounded
Cutting-edge: 1 (lower end)
Angulation: 70 degrees
Cross-section: half elliptical
Blade: curved away from cutting-edge

59
Q

Important for maintaining contact of working-end and tooth structure during instrumentation:

A

adaptation

60
Q

Incorrect adaptation results in:

A

ineffective calculus removal and tissue laceration

61
Q

Important for efficient plaque and calculus removal:

A

activation

62
Q

____, ____, & ____ work as a unit in activation of an instrument.

A

wrist, hand & forearm

63
Q

For activation, what is NOT effective and what might this cause?

A

finger pulling; causes operator fatigue

64
Q

Components that contribute to activation of an instrument include: (5)

A
  1. blade adaptation
  2. instrument angulation
  3. blade insertion
  4. lateral pressure
  5. working stroke
65
Q

Refers to the angle between the face of a bladed instrument and the tooth surface:

A

angulation

66
Q

Angulation refers to the angle between:

A

face of a bladed instrument & tooth surface

67
Q

Instrument used to search into and explore thoroughly:

A

periodontal probe

68
Q

The MOST important instrument used for assessing and diagnosing periodontitis:

A

Periodontal probe

69
Q

What is a probe used to measure? (9)

A
  1. probing depth
  2. gingival recession
  3. size of pathologic lesions
  4. clinical attachment level
  5. furcation involvement
  6. distance between teeth
  7. amount of attached gingiva
  8. bleeding on probing
  9. overbite/overjet
70
Q

A slender, tapered, blunt instrument with millimeter markings on it:

A

periodontal probe

71
Q

What is probing inaccuracy related to?

A
  1. probe design
  2. pressure applied
  3. contour of tooth
72
Q

Probing depth usually correlates to:

A

attachment loss

73
Q

Probing depth is always an objective measure of the:

A

distance between the base of the packet and the crest of the gingiva (regardless of attachment loss)

74
Q

Readings of probing depths may change over time due to:

A

changes in the position of the gingival margin

75
Q

Label the following types of probes:

A

A: implant probe
B: periodontal assessment probe
C: periodontal assessment probe
D: biotype probe

76
Q

Used to evaluate the bone support in the furcation areas of bifurcated and trifurcated teeth:

A

Nabers (furcation) probe

77
Q

When using a Nabers probe, the correct working-end of the probe is when the lower (terminal) shank is positioned:

A

parallel to the tooth surface being examined

78
Q

Of the following images of a Nabers probe, which is showing the correct use?

A

top image

79
Q

When using a Nabers probe, you do not need to read mm markings when:

A

identifying class of furcation

80
Q

What type of probe is seen in this image?

A

Nabers (furcation) probe

81
Q

Act of walking the tip of a probe along the junctional epithelium (JE) within the sulcus or packet for the purpose of assessing the heath status of the periodontal tissues:

A

probing

82
Q

The movement of a calibrated probe around the perimeter of the base of a sulcus/pocket:

A

walking stroke

83
Q

When probing, its essential to evaluate the entire “length” of the pocket base, because:

A

the JE is not necessarily at a uniform level around the tooth

84
Q

Probing is the act of walking the tip of a probe along the _____ within the sulcus or pocket for the purpose of assessing the health status of the periodontal tissues:

A

Junctional epithelium (JE)

85
Q

What grasp should be used for holding the probe?

A

modified pen grasp

86
Q

When probing, you should fulcrum:

A

close to the tooth your are probing

87
Q

When probing, _____ of the probe should always contact the tooth

A

working-end

88
Q

When probing, the probe should be ____ to the long axis of the tooth around all proximal surfaces, except when probing the ____ (due to the ____)

A

parallel; interproximal spaces; gingival col

89
Q

When probing, where should the probe be placed?

A

below the gingival margin to the base of the sulcus

90
Q

When probing, place the probe below the gingiva margin to the base of the sulcus using ____ of pressure

A

10-15 grams

91
Q

In health, the probe will stop at the:

A

junctional epithelium

92
Q

In disease, the probe will go into the:

A

connective (not stop at the junctional epithelium)

93
Q

Your probing depth will be calculated based on the line you see at the:

A

gingival margin

94
Q

After the probe is inserted you should keep the prove ___, as you move along the tooth

A

subgingival

95
Q

Keep the probe sub gingival , as you move along the tooth and ____ along the circumference of the tooth

A

hop

96
Q

When probing, begin at the ____ and back into the ___ aspect of the tooth; more forward toward the ___.

A

distal line angle; distal ; mesial

97
Q

If you get multiple different measurements when probing, your readings should be the:

A

deepest

98
Q

Probing measures six sites per tooth including:

A
  1. distofacial
  2. facial
  3. mesiofacial
  4. distolingual
  5. lingual
  6. mesiolingual
99
Q

PD=

A

probing depth/pocket depth

100
Q

GM=

A

gingival margin (measuring recession or overgrowth)

101
Q

ATTACH=

A

clinical attachment loss (CAL)

102
Q

BOP=

A

Bleeding on probing

103
Q

Base of the pocket to gingival margin is a measure of the:

A

PD

104
Q

CEJ to base of pocket is a measure of the:

A

attachment level

105
Q

CEJ to gingival margin is a measure of:

A

recession

106
Q

If the PD= 2mm and the GM= 3mm then the attachment loss =

A

5mm

107
Q

If the measurement for the GM is (+), then:

A

recession is present

108
Q

If the measurement for the gingival margin is (-), the gingival margin is:

A

coronal to the CEJ (no recession)

109
Q

If PD= 5mm, and GM=-3mm then CAL=

A

2mm

110
Q

If PD=5mm and GM=0 mm then CAL=

A

5mm

111
Q

If PD= 2mm and GM=3mm then CAL=

A

5mm

112
Q

A CAL of 0 =

A

no periodontitis

113
Q

A CAL of 2=

A

early periodontitis

114
Q

A CAL of 3=

A

progression of periodontitis

115
Q

A CAL of 7=

A

continued progress of periodontitis

116
Q
A

Patient Care III (16 decks)

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