Stains/Polishing/Plaque and Bleeding Index (FINAL REVIEW) Flashcards
Two types of stains include:
- extrinsic
- intrinsic
Surface stain:
extrinsic
Stain occurring within the tooth:
intrinsic
The following image shows:
extrinsic staining
The following image shows:
intrinsic staining
Sources of stain may be ___ or ____.
exogenous or endogenous
If a stain is caused by factors external to the tooth (extrinsic OR intrinsic stains)
exogenous source
If a stain is caused by factors within the tooth (always intrinsic)
Endogenous
An exogenous factor has the ability to cause what type of stain?
Extrinsic or Intrinsic
An endogenous factor has the ability to cause what type of stain?
Intrinsic only
List some causes/examples of Intrinsic stains:
- Drug-induced (tetracycline)
- Tooth-trauma stain (necrotic pulp/pulpless tooth)
- Restorative materials
- Tooth development (fluorosis, hypoplasia, genetics)
Yellow stains are ____ stains
extrinsic
What type of stain is being described?
- common in all ages
- associated with plaque accumulation
- typically related to poor oral hygeine
- source is typically food pigments
Yellow stain
What is the source of a yellow stain typically?
food pigments
What type of stain is associated with poor oral hygiene and plaque accumulation?
yellow stain
Green stains are ____ stains
extrinsic
What type of stain is being described?
- Light to dark in color
- found within plaque
- typically noted on facial cervical third of maxillary anteriors
- sometimes covered by materia alba or grayish debris
- Caused by chromo-genetic bacteria, tobacco use, dark food/drinks, and poor oral hygeine
Green stains
Where are green stains typically found??
Within plaque on facial cervical third of maxillary anteriors
A dark green stain may:
become incorporated into the tooth structure
Green stains are caused by: (4)
- chromo-genetic bacteria
- tobacco use
- dark food/drinks
- poor oral hygiene
What type of stain is being described?
- found along cervical third near gingival margin
- fine line that can be continuous or interrupted
- can appear black at pits/fissures
- attached via pellicle structure
- made up of microorganisms (gram + rods)
- common in women and children
- reforms after removal
Black-line stain
A black-line stain is a ____ stain
extrinsic
Where is a black line stain typically found?
along cervical third near gingival margin and may appear at pits and fissures
How is a black line stain attached?
via pellicle structure
What type of bacteria cause black-line stains?
gram + rods
Black line stains are most common in:
women and children
Tobacco stains are ____ stains
extrinsic
What type of stain is being described?
- light brown to dark black in color
- diffuse staining of plaque; sometimes incorporated into calculus
- heavier deposits can become intrinsic staining
- frequently noticed on the lingual aspects of teeth
- composed of tar products
tobacco stains
What color describes tobacco stains?
light brown to dark black
Heavier deposits, especially chewing tobacco can become:
intrinsic staining
Where is tobacco staining frequently noticed?
lingual aspects of teeth
Tobacco staining is composed of:
tar products
What type of stain is likely seen in the image below? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic
tobacco stain (brown color; lingual surface)
“Other brown stains” may be caused by: (3)
- stannous fluoride
- anti-plaque agents
- betel leaf
Orange or red stain is a ____ stain
extrinsic
What type of stain is being described?
- often appears at the cervical third portion of tooth/anterior region
- rare occurence
- etiology: chromogenic bacteria
orange or red stain
What type of stain has a rare occurrence?
orange or red sted
The cause of orange or red stains=
chromogenic bacteria
What type of stain is seen in the following image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?
orange or red
What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?
tetracycline stain; intrinsic
What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?
trauma stain; intrinsic
What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?
restorative material stain; intrinsic
What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?
fluorosis; intrinsic
What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?
enamel hypoplasia; intrinsic
Do tooth stains cause disease?
No, they are not an etiological factor for diseases, and removal of stains is for esthetic purposes only
What does polishing do? (4)
- removes extrinsic stain and plaque
- smoothes out tooth surface
- improves aesthetic appearance
- aids in prepping the tooth prior to bonding
What effect does polishing have on teeth?
Removes fluoride rich enamel layer and abrades dentin/cementum
The negatives of polishing include: (5)
- aerosol production
- bacteremia
- produces heat
- tooth surface abrasian
- tissue trauma
List the contraindications of polishing: (7)
- No extrinsic stain
- Hypersensitivity
- Decalcified/carious lesion
- Cementum/denin exposure
- Fixed crowns
- Newly erupted teeth
- Gingival or periodontal inflammation (NO polishing after SRP)
Why do we need a plaque index index?
standardized way of interpreting clinical observations of plaque present on teeth putting patients at risk for oral health diseases such as caries and periodontitis
A plaque index allows for a ___ given for observing and individuals ability to practice good oral hygiene care at home and used for patient understanding
numerical value (%)
Why do we need a bleeding index?
standardized way of interpreting clinical observations of bleeding present with probing putting patients at risk for oral health diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis
A bleeding index allows for a ____ give for observing bleeding upon probing
numerical value (%)
Bleeding upon probing indicates:
ulceration of the junctional epithelium - indicating inflammation
Useful for accessing the oral hygiene instruction needs of your patient:
plaque score
Aids in determining whether patient is a good candidate for surgical periodontal therapy:
Plaque score
Gives clinicians an indicator for why caries control and periodontal conditions are at their current level (good or bad)
plaque score
Helpful in identifying active gingival disease (gingivitis or periodontitis for example):
bleeding index
