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Patient Care III > Stains/Polishing/Plaque and Bleeding Index (FINAL REVIEW) > Flashcards

Stains/Polishing/Plaque and Bleeding Index (FINAL REVIEW) Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of stains include:

A
  1. extrinsic
  2. intrinsic
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2
Q

Surface stain:

A

extrinsic

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3
Q

Stain occurring within the tooth:

A

intrinsic

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4
Q

The following image shows:

A

extrinsic staining

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5
Q

The following image shows:

A

intrinsic staining

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6
Q

Sources of stain may be ___ or ____.

A

exogenous or endogenous

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7
Q

If a stain is caused by factors external to the tooth (extrinsic OR intrinsic stains)

A

exogenous source

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8
Q

If a stain is caused by factors within the tooth (always intrinsic)

A

Endogenous

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9
Q

An exogenous factor has the ability to cause what type of stain?

A

Extrinsic or Intrinsic

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10
Q

An endogenous factor has the ability to cause what type of stain?

A

Intrinsic only

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11
Q

List some causes/examples of Intrinsic stains:

A
  1. Drug-induced (tetracycline)
  2. Tooth-trauma stain (necrotic pulp/pulpless tooth)
  3. Restorative materials
  4. Tooth development (fluorosis, hypoplasia, genetics)
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12
Q

Yellow stains are ____ stains

A

extrinsic

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13
Q

What type of stain is being described?

  • common in all ages
  • associated with plaque accumulation
  • typically related to poor oral hygeine
  • source is typically food pigments
A

Yellow stain

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14
Q

What is the source of a yellow stain typically?

A

food pigments

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15
Q

What type of stain is associated with poor oral hygiene and plaque accumulation?

A

yellow stain

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16
Q

Green stains are ____ stains

A

extrinsic

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17
Q

What type of stain is being described?

  • Light to dark in color
  • found within plaque
  • typically noted on facial cervical third of maxillary anteriors
  • sometimes covered by materia alba or grayish debris
  • Caused by chromo-genetic bacteria, tobacco use, dark food/drinks, and poor oral hygeine
A

Green stains

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18
Q

Where are green stains typically found??

A

Within plaque on facial cervical third of maxillary anteriors

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19
Q

A dark green stain may:

A

become incorporated into the tooth structure

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20
Q

Green stains are caused by: (4)

A
  1. chromo-genetic bacteria
  2. tobacco use
  3. dark food/drinks
  4. poor oral hygiene
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21
Q

What type of stain is being described?

  • found along cervical third near gingival margin
  • fine line that can be continuous or interrupted
  • can appear black at pits/fissures
  • attached via pellicle structure
  • made up of microorganisms (gram + rods)
  • common in women and children
  • reforms after removal
A

Black-line stain

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22
Q

A black-line stain is a ____ stain

A

extrinsic

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23
Q

Where is a black line stain typically found?

A

along cervical third near gingival margin and may appear at pits and fissures

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24
Q

How is a black line stain attached?

A

via pellicle structure

25
Q

What type of bacteria cause black-line stains?

A

gram + rods

26
Q

Black line stains are most common in:

A

women and children

27
Q

Tobacco stains are ____ stains

A

extrinsic

28
Q

What type of stain is being described?

  • light brown to dark black in color
  • diffuse staining of plaque; sometimes incorporated into calculus
  • heavier deposits can become intrinsic staining
  • frequently noticed on the lingual aspects of teeth
  • composed of tar products
A

tobacco stains

29
Q

What color describes tobacco stains?

A

light brown to dark black

30
Q

Heavier deposits, especially chewing tobacco can become:

A

intrinsic staining

31
Q

Where is tobacco staining frequently noticed?

A

lingual aspects of teeth

32
Q

Tobacco staining is composed of:

A

tar products

33
Q

What type of stain is likely seen in the image below? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic

A

tobacco stain (brown color; lingual surface)

34
Q

“Other brown stains” may be caused by: (3)

A
  1. stannous fluoride
  2. anti-plaque agents
  3. betel leaf
35
Q

Orange or red stain is a ____ stain

A

extrinsic

36
Q

What type of stain is being described?

  • often appears at the cervical third portion of tooth/anterior region
  • rare occurence
  • etiology: chromogenic bacteria
A

orange or red stain

37
Q

What type of stain has a rare occurrence?

A

orange or red sted

38
Q

The cause of orange or red stains=

A

chromogenic bacteria

39
Q

What type of stain is seen in the following image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

A

orange or red

40
Q

What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

A

tetracycline stain; intrinsic

41
Q

What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

A

trauma stain; intrinsic

42
Q

What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

A

restorative material stain; intrinsic

43
Q

What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

A

fluorosis; intrinsic

44
Q

What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

A

enamel hypoplasia; intrinsic

45
Q

Do tooth stains cause disease?

A

No, they are not an etiological factor for diseases, and removal of stains is for esthetic purposes only

46
Q

What does polishing do? (4)

A
  1. removes extrinsic stain and plaque
  2. smoothes out tooth surface
  3. improves aesthetic appearance
  4. aids in prepping the tooth prior to bonding
47
Q

What effect does polishing have on teeth?

A

Removes fluoride rich enamel layer and abrades dentin/cementum

48
Q

The negatives of polishing include: (5)

A
  1. aerosol production
  2. bacteremia
  3. produces heat
  4. tooth surface abrasian
  5. tissue trauma
49
Q

List the contraindications of polishing: (7)

A
  1. No extrinsic stain
  2. Hypersensitivity
  3. Decalcified/carious lesion
  4. Cementum/denin exposure
  5. Fixed crowns
  6. Newly erupted teeth
  7. Gingival or periodontal inflammation (NO polishing after SRP)
50
Q

Why do we need a plaque index index?

A

standardized way of interpreting clinical observations of plaque present on teeth putting patients at risk for oral health diseases such as caries and periodontitis

51
Q

A plaque index allows for a ___ given for observing and individuals ability to practice good oral hygiene care at home and used for patient understanding

A

numerical value (%)

52
Q

Why do we need a bleeding index?

A

standardized way of interpreting clinical observations of bleeding present with probing putting patients at risk for oral health diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis

53
Q

A bleeding index allows for a ____ give for observing bleeding upon probing

A

numerical value (%)

54
Q

Bleeding upon probing indicates:

A

ulceration of the junctional epithelium - indicating inflammation

55
Q

Useful for accessing the oral hygiene instruction needs of your patient:

A

plaque score

56
Q

Aids in determining whether patient is a good candidate for surgical periodontal therapy:

A

Plaque score

57
Q

Gives clinicians an indicator for why caries control and periodontal conditions are at their current level (good or bad)

A

plaque score

58
Q

Helpful in identifying active gingival disease (gingivitis or periodontitis for example):

A

bleeding index

59
Q
A

Patient Care III (16 decks)

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