Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSS - GI Exam 2 > Swallowing, Gastric Emptying, Intestinal Motility > Flashcards

Swallowing, Gastric Emptying, Intestinal Motility Flashcards

1
Q

three phases of swallowing

A

oral
pharyngeal
esophageal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

initiated voluntarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

swallowing center

A

medulla oblongota (lower pons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

innervation of pharynx and upper esophagus

A

cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

innervation of lower esophagus

A

vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

receptors of swallowing

A

touch receptors at opening of pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

oral phase

A

voluntary

bolus from tongue to pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pharyngeal phase

A

involuntary

  • initiated by pressure receptors in pharynx
  • relaxes upper esophageal sphincter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

esophageal phase

A

involuntary

-bolus from UES through peristalsis to LES to stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

respiration and swallowing?

A

during pharyngeal phase - inhibited
-pharyngeal mm. push bolus into pharynx and UES relaxes

peristalsis wave moves bolus through UES

respiration is reflexively inhibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

UES constriction

A

reflex constriction after bolus passes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

uvula

A

prevents food to nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

epiglottis

A

prevents food to trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

respiration during swallowing

A

swallowing center inhibits respiratory center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

esophageal phase

A

after UES closes, LES begins to relax

primary peristaltic waves begin below UES
secondary peristalsis - due to ditension of esophagus if first wave not enough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

esophageal sensory fibers to CNS and ENS

A

modulate both primary and secondary peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

secondary peristalsis

A

esophagus distension due to food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sphincter of esophagus?

A

never both open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

swallowing and stomach?

A

it relaxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sphincters

A

muscular barriers

  • proximal - relax
  • distal - contract

facilitate unidirectional movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

upper esophageal sphincter

A

striated

  • highest resting P of GI sphincters
  • cranial nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

esophagus

A

top striated
middle smooth and striated
bottom smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

LES tone maintained by?

A

smooth muscle

-vagus nerve - Ach and substance P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

LES relaxation by?

A

VIP and NO (local regulators)

relaxation occurs after UES returns to resting pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
relaxation of LES?
VIP and NO | decreased vagal innervation
26
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
27
hiatal hernia
stomach portion protrudes above diaphragm
28
neuro defects affecting swallowing
PD, myasthenia gravis, muscular layer effect
29
treatment of dysphagia
surgery cut tight m. remove tumors increase salivary function
30
achalasia
special form of dysphagia - absence of relaxation of LES - megaesophagis - dilated above LES - peristalsis impaired smooth m. esophagus peristalsis functional in striated m. esophagus
31
treatment of achalasia
focus on symptomatic relief | -balloon to force LES open (temporary)
32
GERD
LES pressure prevents reflux -reduction in pressure - gastric juice to esophagus esophagitis and erosion of esophagus mucosa could be caused by lots of things
33
treatment for GERD
control gastric acid secretion decrease resistance of esophageal mucous decrease bicarb from saliva
34
accomodation
receptor relaxation of stomach
35
orad region
fundus and proximal body of stomach | receives and stores food
36
caudad region
distal body and antrum | mixing and propelling of food
37
division of stomach secretion
LES and cardiac - mucus/HCO3 fundus and body - H, IF, mucus/HCO3, pepsinogen, lipase antrum and pylorus - mucus/HCO3
38
antrum of stomach?
increased pressure due to thicker muscle wall
39
receptive relaxation of stomach
initiated by swallowing - LES and stomach relax - VIP - vasovagal reflex - pressure in stomach does not increase despite increase volume is an anticipated relaxation vagus mediated response disruption of vagus nerve - rapid pressure increase
40
gastric accomodation
relaxation in response to filling of stomach | vagus nerve reflex
41
vagotomy
results in decreased accommodation in stomach ENS involved in reflex relaxation
42
gastric mixing
in antrum | -increased contractility
43
ACh and substance P
increase gastric mixing
44
gastrin
excitatory - increase contractility released from G cells
45
gastric emptying
duodenum contents - full of food -inhibits gastric emptying in duodenum - FAs, monoglycerides, low pH, distension, hypertonicity, AAs, peptides
46
CCK, secretin, GIP
inhibit gastric emptying** released from duodenal area
47
factors affecting gastric motility within stomach
volume of chyme | degree of fluidity
48
emotion
increased sympathetic activity | -inhibits motility and emptying of stomach
49
pacemaker of zone
body of stomach -slow wave potentials remember cells of cajal
50
increase contractility
ACh gastrin depolarize membrane increase amplitude and duration
51
decrease contractility
norepinephrine hyperpolarize membrane
52
gastric emptying
peristalsis in upper fundus to pyloric sphincter strong antral contraction propels chyme forward chyme to duodenum
53
gastric mixing
when peristalsis contraction reaches pyloric sphincter - sphincter tightly closed and no further emptying chyme propelled to close sphincter shoots back and is mixed up
54
gastric mixing
propulsion griding retropulsion trituration
55
trituration
reduction of solid particle size > 2mm does not leave stomach
56
strongest stomach contraction
antrum
57
leaves stomach first?
liquid > carb > protein > fat | isotonic > hypertonic or hypotonic
58
to rehydrate faster?
drink isotonic solution not water **
59
CKK and GIP
relax gastric smooth m | increase constriction of pylorus
60
gastrin
increase contractility antrum | increase constriction of pylorus
61
pyloric sphincter increased constriction
CCK GIP secretin gastrin
62
constriction of pyloric sphincter
Ach - vagus also sympathetic causes of constriction don't want food to be coming during fight/flight
63
relaxation of pyloric sphincter
VIP
64
parasympathetic of stomach
increased activity
65
MMC
migrating myoelectric complex occurs during fast state cleans tract (stomach to ileum) strong antral contraction and relaxes pylorus removes undigested particles
66
emesis
vomiting
67
vomiting center
in medulla
68
stimulation of vomiting
``` gastric/duodenal distension dizziness, inner ear, pregnancy drugs GU injury emetics - chemicals cause vomiting ```
69
ipecac
gastric duodenal receptor | stimulates vomiting
70
chemoreceptor zone for vomiting?
brain 4th ventricle
71
vomiting response
``` reverse peristalsis -pylorus sphincter relax and stomach relax -abdominal m contract pylorus/antrum contract LES relax UES relax ``` gastric contents to esophagus
72
retching
UES remains closed
73
small intestine motility
segmentation - mixing chyme peristalsis - propulsion MMC - sweeping undigested contents
74
segmentation
in fed state after eating -alternating contraction of circular smooth m slow process of propulsion and retropulsion mixes chyme with digestive secretion maximize contact with mucosal layer
75
peristalsis
in fed state after eating - relaxation in front of bolus (VIP and NO) - contraction behind bolus (ACh substance P)
76
MMC
during fasting** stomach and small intestine to colon -new wave in stomach when previous passes distal ileum
77
motilin
high levels during MMC
78
3 phases of MMC
quiescence small disorganized contractions strong propagation contractions
79
slow waves in intestine
highest rate duodenum slow toward ileum
80
strength of contraction
burst of APs on top of slow waves
81
intestinointestinal reflex
distension one segment, relaxation rest of small intestine
82
time for chyme?
2-4 hours move through small intestine
83
ileocecal sphincter
normally contracted ileum distension - relaxation ascending colon distension - constriction prevents bacterial reflux -colon lots of bacteria
84
gastroileal reflex
increased gastric activity | -increased ileal motility and relaxation of sphincter
85
colonic motility
haustrations long duration contraction mass movements
86
haustration
short duration contractions circular muscle** slow alternated for water and salt absorption
87
long-duration contraction
longitudinal muscle** | -longer duration
88
mass movements
high amplitude contractions | -cecum to rectum
89
internal anal sphincter
smooth m.
90
external anal sphincter
skeletal m.
91
parasympathetic to colon
vagus and pelvic nn. vagus - proximal pelvic - distal
92
sympathetics in colon
inhibit motility abdominal postganglionic sympathetic ganglia
93
defecation reflex
voluntary and involuntary events
94
hirschprungs disease
congenital megacolon - failure of enternic plexus formation - impair motility-function contracted segment -commonly just above internal anal sphincter Tx: surgical excision of diseased segment
95
irritable bowel syndrome
inflammatory of colon and SI visceral hypersensitivity - due to sensitization of afferent neural pathways - abnormal response to stimulus
96
types of IBS?
crohns** and ulcerative colitis
97
Dx of IBS?
assessment of inflammatory marker in stool followed with colon and Bx pathological lesions

MSS - GI Exam 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions