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SLHS 3400 > swallowing > Flashcards

swallowing Flashcards

1
Q

what are the structures that are involved in swallowing

A

chest wall, vocal folds, ventricular folds, epiglottis, pharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx, velum, tongue, mandible, and lips

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2
Q

what is the esophagus

A

a flexible tube that stretches from the lower pharynx to the stomach. it lies behind the trachea, pulmonary apparatus, and heart

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3
Q

what are the vocal folds role in swallowing

A

helps close the airway to protect it during swallowing

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4
Q

define the pharynx

A

a muscular tube that helps move food to the esophagus

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5
Q

how long is the esophagus

A

about 20 cm

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6
Q

what type of muscle is in the cervical esophagus

A

striated

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7
Q

what type of muscle is in the thoracic esophagus

A

mixed striated and smooth

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8
Q

what type of muscle is in the abdominal esophagus

A

smooth

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9
Q

what is the upper esophageal sphincter

A

a high pressure area at the top of the esophagus

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10
Q

what is the lower esophageal sphincter

A

a high pressure area at the bottom of the esophagus

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11
Q

what is the stomach made of

A

smooth muscle, mucosa, and other tissue

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12
Q

where is the stomach located

A

left side of the abdominal cavity

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13
Q

what does the pyloric sphincter do

A

it regulates the exit of food into the small intestine

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14
Q

what are the passive forces in swallowing

A

tissue recoil, surface tension, gravity, and air pressure

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15
Q

what are the active forces in swallowing

A

muscle activation in breathing, larynx, and pharynx

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16
Q

what is the point of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters

A

they act as closed valves at rest

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17
Q

what is the first phase of swallowing and what happens

A

oral prep phase- bolus is chewed or held for swallowing

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18
Q

what is the second phase of swallowing and what happens

A

oral transport phase- bolus pushed to the pharynx

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19
Q

what is the third phase of swallowing and what happens

A

pharyngeal transport phase- bolus moves through the pharynx and to the esophagus

20
Q

what is the fourth phase of swallowing and what happens

A

esophageal transport phase- bolus moves to the stomach via peristalsis

21
Q

when does swallowing begin in the fetus

A

12.5 weeks gestation

22
Q

what is suckling

A

early feeding movement with forward-backward tongue motion

23
Q

what is sucking

A

a stronger tongue movement to pull thicker substances

24
Q

at what age can babies eat soft foods

A

6 months

25
Q

when is regular table food typically introduced

A

2-3 years

26
Q

what is swallow-related apnea

A

a brief pause in breathing during swallowing

27
Q

when does swallowing usually occur in the breathing cycle

A

during expiration

28
Q

how long does the apneic interval last

A

about 1 second

29
Q

what can influence the apneic interval

A

bolus size, ventilation, and timing

30
Q

what is dysphagia

A

a swallowing disorder

31
Q

what are organic causes of dysphagia

A

structural, neurogenic, or systematic issues

32
Q

what is functional dysphagia

A

swallowing issues with no physical cause

33
Q

what is phagophobia

A

fear of swallowing

34
Q

which cranial nerve controls the upper esophageal sphincter

A

vagus nerve (X)

35
Q

which cranial nerve controls the lower esophageal sphincter

A

vagus nerve (X)

36
Q

what controls the automatic phases of swallowing

A

the brainstem

37
Q

what controls the voluntary phases of swallowing

A

cortical and subcortical areas

38
Q

what can happen with damage to the Vagus Nerve

A

voice and swallowing problems

39
Q

What does the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) do during swallowing?

A

The UES opens to allow food to pass from the pharynx into the esophagus and prevents air from entering the esophagus.

40
Q

How does the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function?

A

The LES prevents food from refluxing back into the esophagus after it passes into the stomach

41
Q

what is the peristalsis in the esophagus

A

it is a series of wave like muscle contractions that move the bolus through the esophagus

42
Q

what is the role of the pyloric sphincter in digestion

A

it regulates the flow of food from the stomach into the small intestine

43
Q

the areas of the ues and les are zones of _____

A

high pressure

44
Q

how many liters of liquids/solids does the stomach hold

A

about 1 liter

45
Q

bolus is held with the tongue tip elevated and contacting the back
surface of the maxillary incisors

A

dipper

46
Q

hold bolus on the floor of the oral cavity in front of the tongue

A

tipper

SLHS 3400 (6 decks)

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