exam 4 muscles and bones Flashcards
skeletal structure of pharyngeal oral apparatus
skull
maxilla
mandible
frontal bone
zygomatic
sphenoid
temporal
parietal
styloid process
alveolar process
bone that holds teeth
left and right halves of the mandible join at the line of union
fibrous symphysis
which of the 2 processes is closest to the teeth
coronoid process
sphenomandibular ligament function
limits down and back movement of the mandible
temporomandibular ligament function
limits down and back movement of the condyle
stylomandibular ligament function
limits down and forward movement of the mandible
what is the top of the oral cavity bounded by
hard palate and velum
what is the bottom of the oral cavity bounded by
floor of the mouth and tongue
what is the back of the oral cavity bounded by
anterior faucial pillars
5 subdivisions of the tongue (teeth side to throat side)
tip, blade, dorsum, root, body
where is the buccal cavity
space between teeth and cheeks
what lines most of the mouth to keep it moist
shiny squamous epithelium
what lines the gums and hard palate
masticatory mucosa
passive force
natural recoil of structures
active force
muscle contraction
intrinsic muscle ends
both ends are attached with in the oral pharyngeal structure
extrinsic muscle ends
one end is attached with in the oral pharyngeal structure and the other end is attached outside the oral pharyngeal structure
types of muscle contractions
concentric, eccentric, and isomettric
concentric muscle contraction
muscle shortens as it contracts
eccentric muscle contraction
muscle lengthens as it contacts
isometric muscle contractions
muscle generates force with out changing length
what are the muscles of the lower jaw
masseter
temporalis
internal pterygoid
external pterygoid
digastric
mylohyiod
geniohyoid
masseter
helps with chewing, and helps close mouth
temporalis
up and backwards pull on mandible
internal pterygoid
elevated mandible and goes side to side (grinding teeth)
external pterygoid
causes condyle to slide forward and down (one by the ear to dislodge from temporal bone)
digastric
creates distance between the jaws
mylohoid
lowers mandible but elevates the hyoid bone and oral cavity
geniohyoid
pulls the hyoid bone up and forward during chewing
what are the 4 instrinsic muscles of the tongue
superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
vertical
transverse
what are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue
styloglossus
palatoglossus
hyoglossus
genioglossus
where is the superior longitudinal muscle (what does it control)
the top of the tongue and it shortens the tongue
where is the inferior longitudinal muscle (what does it do)
its the underside of the tongue and shortens the tongue
where is the vertical muscle at (what does it do)
it is just below the dorsum of the tongue and flattens the tongue
where is the transverse muscle at (what does it do)
along the middle of the tongue and creates lizard tongue
where is the styloglossus muscle at (what does it do)
it is at the front side of the styloid process of the temporal bone and the stylomandibular ligament and helps pull tongue up and back
where is the palatoglossus muscle at (what does it do)
it is in the soft palate and back of tongue and helps close off throat from mouth
where is the hyoglossus muscle at (what does it do)
it is on the floor of the month and sides of tongue and it depresses and retracts the tongue
where is the genioglossus muscle at (what does it do)
it is the bottom of the body of the tongue and sticks tongue out and moves side to side
broad transverse facial muscle that pulls corner of mouth back and to the side
buccinator
small transverse facial muscle that pulls corner of the mouth back and to the side
risorius
angular muscle that is located below the eye but in front of the maxillary and zygomatic bones that elevates and turns the upper lip
levator labii superioris
angular muscle that is located in front of the maxilla and elevates the upper lip and flares the nose
levator labii superioris alegue nasi
angular muscle that is located on the side of the zygomatic bone and pulls corners of mouth back and creates smileish
zygomatic major
angular muscle that is located on the inner surface of the zygomatic bone that elevates the upper lip and corners of the mouth
zygomatic minor
angular muscle that is located on the front surface of the mandible that pulls the lower lip downward and toward the side
depressor labii inferioris
vertical muscle that is located on the frond and side of the mandible near the midline and is called the pouting muscle
mentalis
vertical muscle that is located on the front of the maxilla that pulls the corners of the mouth up and out and purses the lips together
levator anguli oris
vertical muscle that is located on the outer surface of the mandible that pulls the corners of the mouth down and forces upper lip into bottom
depressor anguli oris
parallel muscle that is located on top of the maxilla in the region of the canine tooth that pulls the corners of the mouth up and towards the midline
incisivus labii superioris
parallel muscle that is located on top of the mandible in the region of the canine tooth that pulls the corners of the mouth down and towards the midline
incisivus labii inferioris
broad muscle that covers most of the front and side of neck and side of the face that pulls skin from the neck toward the mandible and can pull lower lip to the sides and down
platysma
what type of air flow is required to produce many speech sounds and help move food backwards during swallowing
resistance
what are the 5 structural aspects of the velopharyngeal-nasal structure
skeletal superstructure, pharynx, velum, nasal cavities, and outer nose
pharynx
throat
pharyngeal cavity that stretches from the nose to velum
nasopharynx
pharyngeal cavity that stretches from the velum to the hyoid bone
oropharynx
pharyngeal cavity that stretches from hyoid bone to the cricoid cartilage
laryngopharynx
called the curtain located in the soft palate and separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
velum
what are the 4 components of the nasal septum
frontal bone, cartilage, ethmoid bone, and the vomer bone
what are the 6 muscles of the pharynx
superior constrictor
middle constrictor
inferior constrictor
salpingopharyngeus
stylopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus
which pharynx muscle is located at the upper boarder of the pharynx and creates forward movement of the posterior pharyngeal wall
superior constrictor
which pharynx muscle is located at the midportion of the pharyngeal tube and also helps squeeze throat to aid swallowing
middle constrictor
which pharynx muscle is located at the bottom part of the pharynx and is the most powerful of the constrictor muscles
inferior constrictor
what muscle comes from the lower border of the eustachian tube and pulls up and in making the pharynx thinner
salpingopharyngeus
what muscle comes from the styloid process of the temporal bone and widens the pharyngeal lumen
stylopharyngeus
what muscle runs the length of the pharynx and also makes up the velum and pulls the pharyngeal walls up, forward, and together
palatopharyngeus
what muscle makes up 40% of the velum and pulls the velum up and back
palatal levator
what muscle lies outside of the palatal levator and opens the eustachian tube
palatal tensor
what muscle is the only intrinsic muscle of the velum and shortens the uvula
uvulus
what muscle of the tongue and velum is located on the side of the tongue and pulls down and forward on the velum
glossopalantine
what muscle stretches from the walls of the pharynx to the thyroid cartilage and pulls down and back on the velum
platopharyngeus
which manner of production blocks airflow, builds pressure then releases it fast, and has tight vp
stop plosive
which manner of production pushes air through a small gap super fast and has tight vp
friticative
which manner of production starts like stop plosive but let air our slower and tight vp
affricate
which manner of production blocks mouth and lets air through nose and open vp
nasal
which manner of production has a small mouth gap and is not as tight as other consonants with closed vp
semivowel
labial
lips
labiodental
lip and teeth
dental
tongue and teeth
alveolar
tongue and gum
palatal
tongue and hard palate
velar
tongue and velum
glottal
vocal folds
what has no significant constriction of the vocal tract (vowels or consonants)
vowels
what has open sounds (vowels or consonants)
vowels
what is acoustically more intense (vowels or consonants)
vowels
what demonstrates more sonority (vowels or consonants)
vowels
what functions as syllable nuclei (vowels or consonants)
vowels
what has significant constriction of the vocal tract (vowels or consonants)
consonants
what has constricted sounds (vowels or consonants)
consonants
what is acoustically less intense (vowels or consonants)
consonants
what demonstrates less sonority (vowels or consonants)
consonants
(true or false) articulators do not move from sound to sound in a series of separate steps
true
we don’t typically produce sounds in ____
isolation
forward coarticulation
anticipatory co-articulation
backward coarticulation
regressive co-articulation
what is the result of coarticulation
assimilation
what are the processes that modify directly adjacent sounds
contact assimilations
what does it mean if at least one other segment separates the sounds in question, especially when the 2 sounds are in 2 different syllables
remote assimilations
what segment influences a following sound in left to right manner
progressive assimilation
what sound segment influences a preceding sound
regressive assimilation
frequency
pitch
amplitude
loudness
duration
length
how big in length is the newborn pharyngeal cavity
4 cm
how big in length is the adult pharynx
12 cm
what can be used to measure pharyngeal-oral function
xray
xray microbeam
fmri