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SLHS 3400 > exam 4 muscles and bones > Flashcards

exam 4 muscles and bones Flashcards

1
Q

skeletal structure of pharyngeal oral apparatus

A

skull
maxilla
mandible
frontal bone
zygomatic
sphenoid
temporal
parietal
styloid process

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2
Q

alveolar process

A

bone that holds teeth

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3
Q

left and right halves of the mandible join at the line of union

A

fibrous symphysis

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4
Q

which of the 2 processes is closest to the teeth

A

coronoid process

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5
Q

sphenomandibular ligament function

A

limits down and back movement of the mandible

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6
Q

temporomandibular ligament function

A

limits down and back movement of the condyle

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7
Q

stylomandibular ligament function

A

limits down and forward movement of the mandible

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8
Q

what is the top of the oral cavity bounded by

A

hard palate and velum

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9
Q

what is the bottom of the oral cavity bounded by

A

floor of the mouth and tongue

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10
Q

what is the back of the oral cavity bounded by

A

anterior faucial pillars

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11
Q

5 subdivisions of the tongue (teeth side to throat side)

A

tip, blade, dorsum, root, body

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12
Q

where is the buccal cavity

A

space between teeth and cheeks

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13
Q

what lines most of the mouth to keep it moist

A

shiny squamous epithelium

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14
Q

what lines the gums and hard palate

A

masticatory mucosa

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15
Q

passive force

A

natural recoil of structures

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16
Q

active force

A

muscle contraction

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17
Q

intrinsic muscle ends

A

both ends are attached with in the oral pharyngeal structure

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18
Q

extrinsic muscle ends

A

one end is attached with in the oral pharyngeal structure and the other end is attached outside the oral pharyngeal structure

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19
Q

types of muscle contractions

A

concentric, eccentric, and isomettric

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20
Q

concentric muscle contraction

A

muscle shortens as it contracts

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21
Q

eccentric muscle contraction

A

muscle lengthens as it contacts

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22
Q

isometric muscle contractions

A

muscle generates force with out changing length

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23
Q

what are the muscles of the lower jaw

A

masseter
temporalis
internal pterygoid
external pterygoid
digastric
mylohyiod
geniohyoid

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24
Q

masseter

A

helps with chewing, and helps close mouth

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25
Q

temporalis

A

up and backwards pull on mandible

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26
Q

internal pterygoid

A

elevated mandible and goes side to side (grinding teeth)

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27
Q

external pterygoid

A

causes condyle to slide forward and down (one by the ear to dislodge from temporal bone)

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28
Q

digastric

A

creates distance between the jaws

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29
Q

mylohoid

A

lowers mandible but elevates the hyoid bone and oral cavity

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30
Q

geniohyoid

A

pulls the hyoid bone up and forward during chewing

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31
Q

what are the 4 instrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
vertical
transverse

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32
Q

what are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

styloglossus
palatoglossus
hyoglossus
genioglossus

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33
Q

where is the superior longitudinal muscle (what does it control)

A

the top of the tongue and it shortens the tongue

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34
Q

where is the inferior longitudinal muscle (what does it do)

A

its the underside of the tongue and shortens the tongue

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35
Q

where is the vertical muscle at (what does it do)

A

it is just below the dorsum of the tongue and flattens the tongue

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36
Q

where is the transverse muscle at (what does it do)

A

along the middle of the tongue and creates lizard tongue

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37
Q

where is the styloglossus muscle at (what does it do)

A

it is at the front side of the styloid process of the temporal bone and the stylomandibular ligament and helps pull tongue up and back

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38
Q

where is the palatoglossus muscle at (what does it do)

A

it is in the soft palate and back of tongue and helps close off throat from mouth

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39
Q

where is the hyoglossus muscle at (what does it do)

A

it is on the floor of the month and sides of tongue and it depresses and retracts the tongue

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40
Q

where is the genioglossus muscle at (what does it do)

A

it is the bottom of the body of the tongue and sticks tongue out and moves side to side

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41
Q

broad transverse facial muscle that pulls corner of mouth back and to the side

A

buccinator

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42
Q

small transverse facial muscle that pulls corner of the mouth back and to the side

A

risorius

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43
Q

angular muscle that is located below the eye but in front of the maxillary and zygomatic bones that elevates and turns the upper lip

A

levator labii superioris

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44
Q

angular muscle that is located in front of the maxilla and elevates the upper lip and flares the nose

A

levator labii superioris alegue nasi

45
Q

angular muscle that is located on the side of the zygomatic bone and pulls corners of mouth back and creates smileish

A

zygomatic major

46
Q

angular muscle that is located on the inner surface of the zygomatic bone that elevates the upper lip and corners of the mouth

A

zygomatic minor

47
Q

angular muscle that is located on the front surface of the mandible that pulls the lower lip downward and toward the side

A

depressor labii inferioris

48
Q

vertical muscle that is located on the frond and side of the mandible near the midline and is called the pouting muscle

A

mentalis

49
Q

vertical muscle that is located on the front of the maxilla that pulls the corners of the mouth up and out and purses the lips together

A

levator anguli oris

50
Q

vertical muscle that is located on the outer surface of the mandible that pulls the corners of the mouth down and forces upper lip into bottom

A

depressor anguli oris

51
Q

parallel muscle that is located on top of the maxilla in the region of the canine tooth that pulls the corners of the mouth up and towards the midline

A

incisivus labii superioris

52
Q

parallel muscle that is located on top of the mandible in the region of the canine tooth that pulls the corners of the mouth down and towards the midline

A

incisivus labii inferioris

53
Q

broad muscle that covers most of the front and side of neck and side of the face that pulls skin from the neck toward the mandible and can pull lower lip to the sides and down

A

platysma

54
Q

what type of air flow is required to produce many speech sounds and help move food backwards during swallowing

A

resistance

55
Q

what are the 5 structural aspects of the velopharyngeal-nasal structure

A

skeletal superstructure, pharynx, velum, nasal cavities, and outer nose

56
Q

pharynx

A

throat

57
Q

pharyngeal cavity that stretches from the nose to velum

A

nasopharynx

58
Q

pharyngeal cavity that stretches from the velum to the hyoid bone

A

oropharynx

59
Q

pharyngeal cavity that stretches from hyoid bone to the cricoid cartilage

A

laryngopharynx

60
Q

called the curtain located in the soft palate and separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

A

velum

61
Q

what are the 4 components of the nasal septum

A

frontal bone, cartilage, ethmoid bone, and the vomer bone

62
Q

what are the 6 muscles of the pharynx

A

superior constrictor
middle constrictor
inferior constrictor
salpingopharyngeus
stylopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus

63
Q

which pharynx muscle is located at the upper boarder of the pharynx and creates forward movement of the posterior pharyngeal wall

A

superior constrictor

64
Q

which pharynx muscle is located at the midportion of the pharyngeal tube and also helps squeeze throat to aid swallowing

A

middle constrictor

65
Q

which pharynx muscle is located at the bottom part of the pharynx and is the most powerful of the constrictor muscles

A

inferior constrictor

66
Q

what muscle comes from the lower border of the eustachian tube and pulls up and in making the pharynx thinner

A

salpingopharyngeus

67
Q

what muscle comes from the styloid process of the temporal bone and widens the pharyngeal lumen

A

stylopharyngeus

68
Q

what muscle runs the length of the pharynx and also makes up the velum and pulls the pharyngeal walls up, forward, and together

A

palatopharyngeus

69
Q

what muscle makes up 40% of the velum and pulls the velum up and back

A

palatal levator

70
Q

what muscle lies outside of the palatal levator and opens the eustachian tube

A

palatal tensor

71
Q

what muscle is the only intrinsic muscle of the velum and shortens the uvula

A

uvulus

72
Q

what muscle of the tongue and velum is located on the side of the tongue and pulls down and forward on the velum

A

glossopalantine

73
Q

what muscle stretches from the walls of the pharynx to the thyroid cartilage and pulls down and back on the velum

A

platopharyngeus

74
Q

which manner of production blocks airflow, builds pressure then releases it fast, and has tight vp

A

stop plosive

75
Q

which manner of production pushes air through a small gap super fast and has tight vp

A

friticative

75
Q

which manner of production starts like stop plosive but let air our slower and tight vp

A

affricate

76
Q

which manner of production blocks mouth and lets air through nose and open vp

A

nasal

77
Q

which manner of production has a small mouth gap and is not as tight as other consonants with closed vp

A

semivowel

77
Q

labial

A

lips

78
Q

labiodental

A

lip and teeth

79
Q

dental

A

tongue and teeth

80
Q

alveolar

A

tongue and gum

81
Q

palatal

A

tongue and hard palate

82
Q

velar

A

tongue and velum

83
Q

glottal

A

vocal folds

84
Q

what has no significant constriction of the vocal tract (vowels or consonants)

A

vowels

85
Q

what has open sounds (vowels or consonants)

A

vowels

86
Q

what is acoustically more intense (vowels or consonants)

A

vowels

87
Q

what demonstrates more sonority (vowels or consonants)

A

vowels

88
Q

what functions as syllable nuclei (vowels or consonants)

A

vowels

89
Q

what has significant constriction of the vocal tract (vowels or consonants)

A

consonants

90
Q

what has constricted sounds (vowels or consonants)

A

consonants

91
Q

what is acoustically less intense (vowels or consonants)

A

consonants

92
Q

what demonstrates less sonority (vowels or consonants)

A

consonants

93
Q

(true or false) articulators do not move from sound to sound in a series of separate steps

A

true

94
Q

we don’t typically produce sounds in ____

A

isolation

95
Q

forward coarticulation

A

anticipatory co-articulation

96
Q

backward coarticulation

A

regressive co-articulation

97
Q

what is the result of coarticulation

A

assimilation

98
Q

what are the processes that modify directly adjacent sounds

A

contact assimilations

99
Q

what does it mean if at least one other segment separates the sounds in question, especially when the 2 sounds are in 2 different syllables

A

remote assimilations

100
Q

what segment influences a following sound in left to right manner

A

progressive assimilation

100
Q

what sound segment influences a preceding sound

A

regressive assimilation

101
Q

frequency

A

pitch

102
Q

amplitude

A

loudness

103
Q

duration

A

length

104
Q

how big in length is the newborn pharyngeal cavity

A

4 cm

105
Q

how big in length is the adult pharynx

A

12 cm

106
Q

what can be used to measure pharyngeal-oral function

A

xray
xray microbeam
fmri

SLHS 3400 (6 decks)

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