exam 3 Flashcards
what are the 3 roles of the larynx
1.) Prevent air from escaping the lungs
2.) Prevent foreign substances from entering the lungs
3.) Expel foreign substances threatening the trachea
what is the non-biological role of the larynx
sound generator
what are the structural components of the phonatory system
bone and cartilages
what are examples of voice disorders
laryngeal paralysis and vocal nodules
what are the functions of the hyoid bone
it supports the tongue and larynx and provides attachment for muscles
what are the functions of the epiglottis
it diverts food around the larynx during swallowing
what are the components of the thyroid cartilage
thyroid lamina
angle of thyroid
superior thyroid notch
superior and inferior thyroid cornu
what are 3 characteristics of the cricoid cartilage
-Shaped like a signet ring
-Located above the upper tracheal ring
-Forms the lower border of the laryngeal framework
what are the arytenoid cartilages and what is their role
they are paired cartilages resembling a pyramid and they are important for vocal ligament attachment and movement
what are the intrinsic membranes/ligaments of the larynx
conus elasticus
quadrangular membrane
lateral cricothyroid
vocal ligament
ventricular ligament
thyroepiglottic ligament
middle cricothyroid
what are the extrinsic membranes/ligaments of the larynx
hyothryoid membrane
cricotracheal membrane
hyoepiglottic ligament
what are the 3 main laryngeal cavities
-supraglottal
-glottal
-subglottal
what are the forces involved in a laryngeal apparatus movement
passive and active
what are the 5 intrinsic laryngeal muscles
Thyroarytenoid
Cricothyroid
Posterior Cricoarytenoid
Lateral Cricoarytenoid
Interarytenoids (Oblique & Transverse)
what is the function of the thyroarytenoid muscle
it acts as a tensor or relaxor and the main mass of vibrating vocal folds
what is the function of the cricothyroid muscle
tensor that lengthens and tenses vocal folds
what is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
sole abductor of the vocal folds
what is the function of the lateral cricoartenoid muscle
it adducts vocal folds by rotating the vocal process medially
what is the vagus nerves role in laryngeal innervation
it supplies intrinsic laryngeal muscles
what are signs of vagus nerve impairment
hypernasal resonance, impaired pitch range, and breathiness and silent aspiration
what are the layers of the vocal folds
Epithelium (superficial).
Superficial layer of the lamina propria.Intermediate layer of the lamina propria.
Deep layer of the lamina propria.
`Thyrovocalis muscle
what are the biological functions of the vocal folds
they tightly adduct during swallowing to prevent food/liquid from entering the airway
how does the larynx contribute to airway clearance
-couch production
-glottal stop production
-producing the glottal voiceless fricative /h/
what is the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory of vocal fold vibration
vocal folds vibrate because:
-air pressure pushes them open
-elastic recoil brings them back together
what does Hirano’s Body-Cover theory say about vibrating layers
epithelium & lamina propria: flexible for vibration and body layer provides stability
what does Hirano’s Body-Cover theory say about vibratory phases
horizontal
vertical
anterior/posterior
what does titzes self-oscillation explain
that vocal folds vibrate because of uneven air pressure above and below them. Bernoullis forces arent enough; airflow and pressure swaps keep them moving, energy from air above the folds powers the
what does subglottal pressure do
it doubles lung pressure
what does phase closure do
tighter vocal fold closure increases sound output
what does supraglottic vocal tract tuning do
it amplifies sound
how does the larynx change pitch
the cricothyroid muscle lengthens folds for higher pitch and the thyroarytenoid muscle shortens folds for lower pitch
what are the 3 vocal registers
-pulse register
-modal register
-falsetto register
what is the first stage of laryngeal development and what ages
embryonic/fetal development
-3-4 weeks- laryngotracheal suscus forms
-9 weeks- cartilages develop adult shapes
-4 months- vocal folds assume adult architecture
what is the second stage of laryngeal development
infancy/childhood
vocal folds: 2.5-3 mm at birth
no distinct layers yet
soft laryngeal framework
what is the third stage of laryngeal development
adolescence
male larynx grows larger and angle is 90 degress
female angle remains 120 degrees
what are the 3 ways that laryngeal function can be measured
- imaging of the larynx
-aerodynamic measures
-acoustic measures
