swaffer

Question 1

key characteristics of pre industrial sport

Answer 1

Communication and transport
Illiteracy
Rural areas
Class divisions
Cruel existences
Limited free time

Question 2

Communication and transport

Answer 2

Little transport available so it would be played between villages near each other

Question 3

rural areas

Answer 3

In villages, they don’t have big cities yet

Question 4

Limited free time

Answer 4

Farmers had long unpredictable days so restricted how often they played football

Question 5

illiterate society

Answer 5

Cannot read instructions so it is played by word-of-mouth and it has basic rules

Question 6

class divisions

Answer 6

Mainly lower class to play mob football

Question 7

real tennis pre industrial

Answer 7

played only by upperclassman
up to 4 people would play
Had written complicated rules
Needed equipment, which was expensive
Travelled to a specific real tennis court
Used to be royal tennis
Not massively competitive
Need money and status to play

Question 8

athletics as popular recreation
pre industrial

Answer 8

foot racing or pedestrian
Foot men
Wagering by upper class
Success increased social status
Acted as patrons
Festival occasions
Events were local
Rural community festivals

Question 9

Why was mob football banned?

Answer 9

became unpopular
Very violent and ruthless led to injuries
Damaged properties
Upper class began wagering and gambling which will lead to unruly behaviour
Increased intake of alcohol leading to worse behaviour and violence

Question 10

Influence of the church on rational recreation

Answer 10

during the late 19th century, the church helped to promote sport and recreation among communities
Encouraged social control
Civilised activities
Church facilities were provided
Good promoting Christian values
Increased church attendance
Set up church teams

Question 11

emergence of middle classes

Answer 11

as a result of industrialisation and urbanisation
self made individuals concerned about welfare of working classes
improved sporting and recreational provision
introduced factory act and municipal act

Question 12

british empire

Answer 12

english public school boys played an important role in the export of the games ethic around the globe
Instilling moral values binding people within the empire
Young educated men became leader leaders spreading the playing of games in a number of different ways
Sport became global with the English rules being developed worldwide

Question 13

development of national governing bodies

Answer 13

Sport was increasingly popular
More teams and clubs forming
More national International fixtures were organised
Leagues and competitions were required
Different schools/teams play different versions
Nationally agreed rules and codification for a fair competition

Question 14

Characteristics of rational recreation

Answer 14

played regionally nationally and internationally
Respectable
Purpose built facilities
Rule based
Amateur and professionalism
Regular
Impact of religion
Gambling controlled
Impact of revolutions

Question 15

wenlock olympian games

Answer 15

1850- set up a class called the olympian class
outdoor recreation challenges with prizes for successful participants
1860- when lock Olympian Society driven by Dr William Penny Brooks
First games in 1850
Athletics football cricket running and hurdles
No money involved

Question 16

impact of the industrial revolution for the first half of the 19th century

Answer 16

migration of the lower classes into urban areas
Led to loss of space to play traditional mob games
Lack of leisure time
Lack of income
Poor health
Loss of right
Lack of public provision

Question 17

impact of industrial revolution on second half of the 19th century

Answer 17

Health and hygiene improved
Gradual increasing wages and more time for sport
New middle class submerged
Influence of ex public schoolboy
Values of athleticism
Industrial patronage
Cheaper to travel
Improvements in transport communication

Question 18

urbanisation problems

Answer 18

lack of space led to the municipal act
Large working class populations led to creating more houses and factories
Loss of traditional Sports led to creation of new Sports and the factory act
Changing working conditions led to the factory act

Question 19

transport revolution

Answer 19

Movement of teams and spectators
Improved access to different parts of the country
Cheaper train travel
Improve access to the countryside

Question 20

improved communications

Answer 20

gradual improvement in educational provision for the working class in the second half of the 19th century
Led to improvements in reading and writing
Communication is improved as society became more literate
Increase the knowledge of awareness of sport

Question 21

municipal reform act

Answer 21

still has to be keeping green areas and used for health and fitness for every big city

Question 22

factory act

Answer 22

half day on wednesday
shorter saturday
increased wages

Question 23

Amateur code

Answer 23

Stresses that sport should be played for the love of it

Question 24

professional code

Answer 24

More emphasis on winning prizes and money

Question 25

amateurism in the late 19th century

Answer 25

Manliness, robustness, striving and physical endeavour Appreciating the value of health and fitness Appreciating the value of rule regarded activity High moral integrity

Question 26

The gentleman amateur

Answer 26

Being a respected member of society of a public school background High status in sport were reflected by high status in society Belonging to social elite having wealth and plenty of free time for sport Participation was character building training was found upon Played a range of sports using natural talent Playing sport to a high model code A referee was deemed unnecessary as they believe they could govern themselves

Question 27

Positive impacts of amateurism

Answer 27

code of amateurism clearly set rules Code of ethics high set of moral values Belonging to social elite playing for the love of it Participation in sport, more important All rounder New middle classes represented the values of the upper classes and were very influential

Question 28

professional sport in the late 19th century

Answer 28

demand for spectator sport increased as football became increasingly popular Working class low status, poor members of society had to make money from sport in order to afford to play Perceived to be corruptible as they were controlled by money Training was specialised winning became the most important Foul playing games membership Challenges to referring decisions

Question 29

positive impacts of 19th century professionalism on sport development

Answer 29

Broken time payments Paid according to results means standards were improved Earnings from port greater than working class wage Avenue for social mobility

Question 30

Key features for early 20th century amateurs

Answer 30

hi, status Controllers of sport Top performers from middle/upper-class backgrounds Highly moral

Question 31

modern day amateurs

Answer 31

Low status Despite being high-level are not professional Blurring of amateur and professional and distinctions Performance is open to all Finance for amateurs

Question 32

Positives of modern day amateur

Answer 32

code of amateurism is still evident in British sport Values are promoted Rugby union maintained amateur status until late 20th century

Question 33

modern day professionalism

Answer 33

All classes can compete Respected for talents and efforts High rewards through media and sponsorship Time to train leading to high standards of performance Celebrity status, media coverage investment, and sport leads to wealth Positive role models Increasing commercial sport and events Increase in spectators

Question 34

amateur athletics club

Answer 34

Established in 1866 Formed by gentleman amateurs Exclusion clause for professionals Ideals of courage, physical endeavour, and moral integrity No wagering permitted

Question 35

amateur athletics Association

Answer 35

Established in 1880 With Drew exclusion cause Women prevent prevented from competing Professionals run for money Women’s AAA established in 1922 Women were not allowed to race above 800 m Women joined Olympics in 1928