swaffer Flashcards
key characteristics of pre industrial sport
Communication and transport
Illiteracy
Rural areas
Class divisions
Cruel existences
Limited free time
Communication and transport
Little transport available so it would be played between villages near each other
rural areas
In villages, they don’t have big cities yet
Limited free time
Farmers had long unpredictable days so restricted how often they played football
illiterate society
Cannot read instructions so it is played by word-of-mouth and it has basic rules
class divisions
Mainly lower class to play mob football
real tennis pre industrial
played only by upperclassman
up to 4 people would play
Had written complicated rules
Needed equipment, which was expensive
Travelled to a specific real tennis court
Used to be royal tennis
Not massively competitive
Need money and status to play
athletics as popular recreation
pre industrial
foot racing or pedestrian
Foot men
Wagering by upper class
Success increased social status
Acted as patrons
Festival occasions
Events were local
Rural community festivals
Why was mob football banned?
became unpopular
Very violent and ruthless led to injuries
Damaged properties
Upper class began wagering and gambling which will lead to unruly behaviour
Increased intake of alcohol leading to worse behaviour and violence
Influence of the church on rational recreation
during the late 19th century, the church helped to promote sport and recreation among communities
Encouraged social control
Civilised activities
Church facilities were provided
Good promoting Christian values
Increased church attendance
Set up church teams
emergence of middle classes
as a result of industrialisation and urbanisation
self made individuals concerned about welfare of working classes
improved sporting and recreational provision
introduced factory act and municipal act
british empire
english public school boys played an important role in the export of the games ethic around the globe
Instilling moral values binding people within the empire
Young educated men became leader leaders spreading the playing of games in a number of different ways
Sport became global with the English rules being developed worldwide
development of national governing bodies
Sport was increasingly popular
More teams and clubs forming
More national International fixtures were organised
Leagues and competitions were required
Different schools/teams play different versions
Nationally agreed rules and codification for a fair competition
Characteristics of rational recreation
played regionally nationally and internationally
Respectable
Purpose built facilities
Rule based
Amateur and professionalism
Regular
Impact of religion
Gambling controlled
Impact of revolutions
wenlock olympian games
1850- set up a class called the olympian class
outdoor recreation challenges with prizes for successful participants
1860- when lock Olympian Society driven by Dr William Penny Brooks
First games in 1850
Athletics football cricket running and hurdles
No money involved
impact of the industrial revolution for the first half of the 19th century
migration of the lower classes into urban areas
Led to loss of space to play traditional mob games
Lack of leisure time
Lack of income
Poor health
Loss of right
Lack of public provision
impact of industrial revolution on second half of the 19th century
Health and hygiene improved
Gradual increasing wages and more time for sport
New middle class submerged
Influence of ex public schoolboy
Values of athleticism
Industrial patronage
Cheaper to travel
Improvements in transport communication
urbanisation problems
lack of space led to the municipal act
Large working class populations led to creating more houses and factories
Loss of traditional Sports led to creation of new Sports and the factory act
Changing working conditions led to the factory act
transport revolution
Movement of teams and spectators
Improved access to different parts of the country
Cheaper train travel
Improve access to the countryside
improved communications
gradual improvement in educational provision for the working class in the second half of the 19th century
Led to improvements in reading and writing
Communication is improved as society became more literate
Increase the knowledge of awareness of sport
municipal reform act
still has to be keeping green areas and used for health and fitness for every big city
factory act
half day on wednesday
shorter saturday
increased wages
Amateur code
Stresses that sport should be played for the love of it
professional code
More emphasis on winning prizes and money
amateurism in the late 19th century
Manliness, robustness, striving and physical endeavour
Appreciating the value of health and fitness
Appreciating the value of rule regarded activity
High moral integrity
The gentleman amateur
Being a respected member of society of a public school background
High status in sport were reflected by high status in society
Belonging to social elite having wealth and plenty of free time for sport
Participation was character building training was found upon
Played a range of sports using natural talent
Playing sport to a high model code
A referee was deemed unnecessary as they believe they could govern themselves
Positive impacts of amateurism
code of amateurism clearly set rules
Code of ethics high set of moral values
Belonging to social elite playing for the love of it
Participation in sport, more important
All rounder
New middle classes represented the values of the upper classes and were very influential
professional sport in the late 19th century
demand for spectator sport increased as football became increasingly popular
Working class low status, poor members of society had to make money from sport in order to afford to play
Perceived to be corruptible as they were controlled by money
Training was specialised winning became the most important
Foul playing games membership
Challenges to referring decisions
positive impacts of 19th century professionalism on sport development
Broken time payments
Paid according to results means standards were improved
Earnings from port greater than working class wage
Avenue for social mobility
Key features for early 20th century amateurs
hi, status
Controllers of sport
Top performers from middle/upper-class backgrounds
Highly moral
modern day amateurs
Low status
Despite being high-level are not professional
Blurring of amateur and professional and distinctions
Performance is open to all
Finance for amateurs
Positives of modern day amateur
code of amateurism is still evident in British sport
Values are promoted
Rugby union maintained amateur status until late 20th century
modern day professionalism
All classes can compete
Respected for talents and efforts
High rewards through media and sponsorship
Time to train leading to high standards of performance
Celebrity status, media coverage investment, and sport leads to wealth
Positive role models
Increasing commercial sport and events
Increase in spectators
amateur athletics club
Established in 1866
Formed by gentleman amateurs
Exclusion clause for professionals
Ideals of courage, physical endeavour, and moral integrity
No wagering permitted
amateur athletics Association
Established in 1880
With Drew exclusion cause
Women prevent prevented from competing
Professionals run for money
Women’s AAA established in 1922
Women were not allowed to race above 800 m
Women joined Olympics in 1928
