Svensson Lec 6

Question 1

deine toxicology.

Answer 1

The study of the adverse effects of chemical or physical agents on living systems

Question 2

define toxin and examples

Answer 2

Toxin: a poisonous substance produced by living cells
Examples: venoms, mycotoxins, microbial toxins, alkaloid, marinobufagenin

Question 3

define toxicant and examples

Answer 3

Toxicant: a man-made chemical introduced into environment that produces toxic effects on living cells
Examples: bisphenol, dioxin, ethylene glycol, sarin, phosgene, carbon tetrachloride

Question 4

what is descriptive toxicology

Answer 4

Descriptive: identify phenotypic changes resulting from exposure to toxic substances
Is it toxic?

Question 5

what is mechanistic toxicology

Answer 5

Mechanistic: identify how toxic substances alter normal cellular function
Why is it toxic?

Question 6

what is regulatory toxicology

Answer 6

Regulatory: assess the safety of exposure levels of toxic substances
What should we do about it?

Question 7

local vs. systemic

Answer 7

Local: effect observed at site of contact or portal of entry (confined area)
Systemic: effect observed at site distant from contact or portal of entry

Question 8

immediate vs. delayed

Answer 8

Immediate: seconds to hours
Delayed: days to years

Question 9

reversible vs. irreversible

Answer 9

Reversible: effects abates after stopping exposure
Irreversible: effects persists after stopping exposure

Question 10

what are the 3 phases of toxic responses that are ongoing

Answer 10

Exposure
–> Source (how were they exposed?)
Disposition
–> More complex with it varying in tissues and reservoirs with differ toxicology
Toxicodynamics
–> The cellular response

Question 11

what are the 3 means by which toxic responses may be mitigated

Answer 11

1. prevent/ reduce exposure
2. Enhance elimination in body
3. block/ repair cellular effects