SUSTAINABLE LIVING SYSTEMS Flashcards
purifying water and air, pollinating crops, stabilizing soil, cycling critical nutrients
ecosystem services
Ability to maintain or support a process continuously over time; ability to reduce personal and societal negative impacts
sustainability
Food, fiber & fuel, genetic resources, biochemicals, fresh water, and habitat
provisioning services
Spiritual values, knowledge systems, education & inspiration, recreation & aesthetic values
cultural services
Invasion resistance, pollination, seed dispersal, climate regulation, natural hazard protection, erosion regulation, water purification
regulating services
Primary production, provision of habitat, nutrient cycling, soil formation/retention, production of atmospheric oxygen, water cycling
supporting services
causes of biodiversity loss
population growth, habitat loss, invasive alien species, environmental pollution, climate change
effects of biodiversity loss
food security, energy security, unavailability of clean water
WAYS OF CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY
Species protection and conservation & Habitat protection and conservation,
law on species protection and conservation
Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act (RA 9147 of 2001)
a protected area is a clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values
IUCN
National legislation
NIPAST Act of 1992: National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992
International Criteria to Identify Areas for Biodiversity Conservation
- contained unique and rare habitats
- included fragile and sensitive habitats
- important for ecological integrity
- representative of all habitats
- presence of species of conservation concern
- occurrence of restricted range species
- species richness
- areas with importance for life history stages
how many protected areas in PH
559
categories of protected areas – strict nature reserves, natural parks, natural monuments, wildlife sanctuary, protected landscapes and seas, resource reserve
NIPAS ACT
effective management of PAs
- Onsite conservation
- Restoration activities
- Monitoring and enforcement
- forego certain land uses to improve effectiveness of protected area management
- Requires sufficient funding and community support
activities in pa management
- Demarcation and patrolling of boundaries
- Capacity building of staff
- Purchase of necessary equipment
- Information and education campaign
Activities directly related to ecosystem services
- Reforestation, watershed protection, and carbon sequestration
- Monitoring and protection of species and
- For nature-based recreation, visitor monitoring and trail maintenance
challenges to bio conservation
- short of funding
- lack of local support
- lack of awareness
- neglected in decision making
Why protect natural resources?
provide ecosystem services essential to human life
major approach for biodiversity conservation ->
establishment of protected areas
Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs)
Identified by national constituencies using globally standardized criteria and quantitative thresholds (refer to IUCN’s “A Global Standard for the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas” Vers. 1.0 for the details)
KBA criteria
- Threatened biodiversity
- Geographically restricted biodiversity
- Ecological integrity
- Biological processes
- Irreplaceability through quantitative analysis
KBAS in the PH
228 identified
Cebu KBAs
Olango, Mactan, Liloan, Bantayan, Moalboal
a bottom-up approach where a group of people (usually in rural areas) manage the use of resources in their defined area, using communal facilities
community based natural resource management
promotes conservation through the sustainable use of natural resources, enables communities to generate income that can be used for rural development, and promotes democracy and good governance in local institutions”
community based natural resource management
process of managing natural resources in a systematic way
includes multiple aspects of natural resource use (biophysical, socio-political, and profitability, risk aversion) to meet production goals of producers and other direct users (food security, profitability, risk aversion)
Integrated approaches to natural resource management
coordinated development and management of water, land, and related resources to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare
integrtaed water resouce management
strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way
ecosystem approach
the process of combining all aspects of human, physical and biological aspects of the coastal zone
Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)
responsible and broad based management of the land, water forest and biological resources needed to sustain agricultural productivity
integrated natural resource management
process aims to regain ecological integrity and enhance human well being in deforested or degraded forest landscapes
forest landscape restoration
