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SCIENCE 11 > MODULE 3: BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES > Flashcards

MODULE 3: BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the ability to do work and is everywhere

A

energy

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2
Q

the different forms of energy?

A

o Mechanical (kinetic energy); counterpart is potential energy (stored energy)
o Radiant (solar)
o Sound

o Chemical

o Heat

o Electrical

o Nuclear

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3
Q

two broad categories on the sources of energy

A

Non-renewable energy and Renewable
energy

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4
Q

energy sources which cannot be replaced once they are mined, harvested, or
used up

A

non-renewable

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5
Q

non renewable energy examples

A
  • minerals (uranium as source of nuclear energy)
  • fossil fuels (like petroleum, natural gas, and coal)
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6
Q
  • non-living or living (can renew themselves
    ASSUMING they are not killed off or over-harvested
A

renewable energy

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7
Q

renewable energy examples

A
  • bioethanol (i.e., corn, sugar, soy, Jatropha)
  • non-biological (solar, water, wind, waves, or
    tides)
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8
Q

organisms that can produce their own food

A

autotrophs/primary producers

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9
Q

energy transforms to one form to another

A

law of conservation

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10
Q

the process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of sugars.

A

photosynthesis

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11
Q

chemosynthesis

A

energy source comes from chemicals instead of sunlight

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12
Q

feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter

A

decomposer

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13
Q
  • is based on two essential Laws of Thermodynamics
A

energy flow

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14
Q

what are the two essential laws of thermodynamics

A

law of conservation and law of increased entropy

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15
Q

energy continuously increases

A

law of increased entropy

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16
Q

Why are big animals rare?

A

they consume more so they have more competition

17
Q

synthesis and storage of organic molecules during the growth and reproduction of photosynthetic organisms

A

primary production

18
Q

as you move to the pyramid, lesser numbers of individuals

A

pyramid of numbers

19
Q

as you move to the pyramid, lesser numbers of individuals

A

pyramid of numbers

20
Q

a mass of biological material at different levels for a given time

A

pyramid of biomass

21
Q

energy at the base of the pyramid will always remain the highest

A

pyramid of energy

22
Q

cannot be inverted

A

pyramid of energy

23
Q

organism continues to feed; increase in concentration of a pollutant in an organism

A

bioaccumulation

24
Q

other organisms that feed on bioaccumulated individuals

A

biomagnification

25
Q

3 Ecological (trophic) pyramids

A

pyramid of:
numbers, biomass, energy

26
Q

If the producer has a total biomass of 100kgs, only about 10 kgs will be transferred to the primary consumer, then 1kg to the secondary consumer level and so on

A

10% rule

27
Q
  • the recycling of inorganic matter between living organisms and their environment
A

biogeochemical cycles

28
Q

a closed system – matter that makes up living organisms is conserved and recycled within the earth

A

biogeochemical cycles

29
Q
  • basic components of a cycle may be used over and over again in slightly different forms but always return to the original form to begin the cycle again
A

biogeochemical cycles

30
Q

CHNOPS

A

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur

31
Q

examples of biogeochemical cycles

A

water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle, sulfur cycle

32
Q

water cycle

A

evaporation, condensation, precipitation, transpiration

33
Q

IMPORTANCE OF BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

A
  • enable the transformation of matter into different forms
  • enable the movement of substances from one locality to another
    facilitate the storage of elements
  • assist in functioning of ecosystems
  • link living organisms with living organisms, and living organisms with abiotic factors
  • regulate the flow of substance
34
Q

SIMILAR PATTERNS IN THE CYCLE OF MATTER

A

First: all cycles are driven by radiant energy that powers processes like photosynthesis and evaporation

  • Second: these cycles involve reservoirs where chemicals are stored or concentrated for long periods of time
  • Third: these cycles function on both local and global levels, linking distant
    ecosystems
35
Q

common elements associated with living systems

A

CHNOPS

take a variety of chemical forms

exist for long periods in atmosphere, on land, in water, or beneath earth

36
Q

biogeochemical cycles

A

the recycling of inorganic matter between living organisms and their environment

37
Q
A

SCIENCE 11 (7 decks)

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